Caste System in India and Social Status Essay

What night is donned upon my nation, lord? â€Å"Atleast she has an employment guarantee.† â€Å"Even if the employment is manual scavenging† â€Å"Someone will do it, why not she† â€Å"She is a little child. She also has a right to education and decent livelihood.† Ah! I then realized what void argument have I given. Who will provide them education and what will it fetch them? â€Å"She is anyway having two meals.† And yes so true is that. Food is much more important than dignity. Even if they are maltreated it is their destiny. The concept of destiny has always remained a puzzle to me. And this destiny is based on the social status of their parents. Yesterday there was a shraaddh ceremony in my village. It is organised to worship, to acknowledge our ancestors. Therefore I made a rare visit to my village. While serving the food I saw two little girls, wearing tattered clothes and with unkempt hairs. On enquiring I came to know that they belonged to scheduled caste. One of my cousins told me that they are engaged in cleaning others’ excreta manually. I could not believe it. They were barely 5-6 years old. I was astonished at the fact that how agreeingly they had given in to the social discrimination. I gave them a sympathetic look but they didn’t react. They didn’t care about by compassion, they just wanted food. My sympathy would not satisfy their hunger and hunger is the m ost prominent feeling they have. They don’t need dignity or education which will not bring them food. They don’t care if they have to clean gutters or do manual scavenging. They are not aware of their rights under Article 15, Article 17, Article 21A or Article 24 and they don’t give a damn to it. I wonder if the twinkling of stars ever reach their eyes. The time running on our wrists seems frozen in their eyes. How hopeless seem their eyes! They don’t question anyone. But once you see them it is impossible to escape (Tears fill my eyes). I wish the oppressor would also look at them once. We have made their life so blunt. Its a crime, I tell you people, it is a crime to kill even the hope of hopes. And then they talk about religion. What religion? Whose caste and cultures? Is God only of the rich and powerful? Do the oppressed have no God? A sin it is. I speculated if they were also acknowledging their ancestors these days. What will they thank them for? Poverty and gloom is their inheritance and ignominy their heritage. Even after spending their entire life doing these odd jobs they gain nothing and remain trapped in this vicious circle. Nothing changes and generations after generations exhaust their life in it. Will someone come to their rescue? When I went to serve them meal I was precautioned many times by my kins to be very careful about keeping the utensils substantially far to keep them (obviously utensils) â€Å"clean†. Even after continually encountering social seclusion they remained undeterred. â€Å"You should be grateful and proud that you are born in human race, in a hindu family and that too in a BRAHMIN family.† According to my family being born in a BRAHMIN family was the biggest achievement of my life. But after seeing what I had lately seen these declarations seem so hollow. I feel pity, I feel guilty for being a brahmin. Where is humanity, God? â€Å"What night is donned upon my country, lord?† Night which gets darker with the sunrise (as its the time to make the world cleaner and their life dirtier). Now the question arises is that how will it change? And more importantly who will bring the change? The more I try to find the answers the more disheartened I am. Who will provide an answer? Politicians- Though the law considers all the people equal but law-keepers don’t. If the casteism and thus untouchability ends, how will their shops run? How will they gain votes by dividing the society? They would not let this stigma end. Education- Even if they go to schools they will be discriminated and secluded. That learning has no meaning which leaves them despondent and unemployed. There is no use of education unless it is free and practical. Bureaucrats- Most of the officials are ignorant and indifferent towards these people though many people from their community are obtaining significant positions. They do little or nothing to improve the condition of these people. Government policies- It is well-known that policies are never rightly implemented in India. Reservation is a fine example. The prosperous are the beneficiaries whereas the poor remain poor and needy remain needy. Common people- It is the foremost responsibility of privileged castes to be humane. I often think if really there is some God we would be punished, our life can’t be so perfect (though it really is not). I would like to summarise my message as FEAR NONE BUT GOD. However I often doubt the presence of God. I really can’t follow a religion which renders people hopeless and suppress their rights. My conscience is my God. And for the unprivileged sections, â€Å"God helps those who help themselves.† So be courageous, be aware and send your children to schools rather than to clean gutters as it is not only about them but even the fore coming generations. Education is much more important than a little more money. I won’t end it on a sad note. The morning of this dark night will definitely come. I urge the people in power to visit these people and see how they have given up the hope to rise, how the dogmas of caste has ran down to their veins. And I request the advantaged sections to restudy the vedas and let these people choose. Make humanity your religion. And do remember that you are not following the Brahmin rules, so don’t push them back. I challenge you to beg for living before pressurising the oppressed to do this inhuman work. Rise! O rise! Before you fall. Let the positivity penetrate into their skin and get to their blood. Let them live before they die. Provide them opportunities to learn the magic of words. Give them a fair chance to realise their potential and talents and choose their work so that Ambedkar becomes their soul and they his shadow. â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦This division of labour is not spontaneous; it is not based on natural aptitudes. Social and individual efficiency requires us to develop the capacity of an individual to the point of competency to choose and to make his own career. This principle is violated in the Caste System, in so far as it involves an attempt to appoint tasks to individuals in advance—selected not on the basis of trained original capacities, but on that of the social status of the parents†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..† – B.R. Ambedkar

The Comparison of Poll Tax Country” to Black Like Me

â€Å"The Comparison of Poll Tax Country† to Black like Me John Griffin was a normal white man living an average life. He like many other whites knew that people of color were discriminated against, but he never really knew how much the color of one’s skin made a difference in the way people act. If Griffin had seen â€Å"poll tax country† he would have seen racism in a new light. Griffin’s experiment was to go down south as a colored man to learn the truth of how life was a black man. By look at the painting â€Å"Poll Tax Country,† one can see who had the power in early-1900s Southern society.After slavery blacks were still discriminated against and had to travel miles just to find a bathroom for blacks. â€Å"Poll Tax Country† shows a new perspective on how blacks were treated as people and how was each others back was the only thing that kept them going. In â€Å"Poll Tax Country,† a detail that stood out was the columns that held up the roof of the platform. One of the columns matches those of the Supreme Court and the White House. The different columns symbolize different branches and groups of people that came together to makes laws to keep blacks in debt in certain areas.The column have historical significance: columns have been used since the times of the ancient Egyptians and Romans. Both civilizations had slaves to build monuments that would withstand the test of time. Similarly, the people who built the New World were indentured servants who came to the New World with the hope of starting a new life. Slaves have played a big role in society as far back as the ancient Egyptians, building towns and monuments that still stand today. The columns connect to slavery – without slaves, many of today’s wonders might not exist.Slavery is a dark time in every society’s history. However, slaves had a major contribution to the forming of nations. The first slaves of this nation came with the s ettlers that came from England. As time when on, Africans were packed on ships and brought here to be sold into slavery. Many whites like John Griffin, knew about slavery and heard many stories about it. However, in the 1940’s they never understood the extent of racism down south. When John Griffin went down south as a black man the way he was treated was very different from how he was treated as a white man.As a white man masked in black he was able to see how black people really interacted with each other. Also, he was able to see how whites really saw blacks and how they interacted with them. As one white hunter who gave Griffin a ride in Alabama said, â€Å"I’ll tell you how it is here. We’ll do business with you people. We’ll sure as hell screw your women. Other than that, you’re just completely off the record as far as we’re concerned. †(Griffin111). Griffin described this man as an ordinary, respectable family man. It is only t o black people that he revealed his ugly, racist sickness.Sadly, his words reflect the attitude of many white racists in the South. What John Griffin learned that day was very important because although slaves did the work, they are not glorified in textbooks and were mostly forgotten. John Griffin talked about how an educated black that could afford to vote, answered many questions that many people would not know how to answer; he did not get to vote because the government work would give him a poll test he could not pass. The court system was not always fair and laws were made to keep African Americans from voting so whites could keep control.In â€Å"poll tax country,† in the middle of the gazebo among all the different people is a priest. A man of god that should fair to all people is on the side of the men trying to keep you down. They had no god or person to turn to in their darkest hour African American were being squeezing down on to feel pressured. As slaves, they ca nnot not trust outsiders; they had to live in packs and work back to back. In the picture the works were almost on top of each working an area that could be manned by two to three people at the max. doesn’t make sense. This was a gang – they worked together and protected each other to survive.John Griffin saw many things in his experiment that put things into perspective. As a black man he was degraded by whites who felt that they were superior to him. Society strived to keep African Americans controlled so whites would remain dominant. Down south that made it hard for blacks to vote, get good jobs, or even use public bathroom. The whites that cashed their cash always seemed to need more that what was on the check. Doesn’t make sense the poor working black was always in debt. Griffin brought up a story about a well educated black man who wanted to vote but was never able o because the official gave him a test that was unfair and they both knew that he would not pass it. â€Å"I can read the headline†¦ It says this one negro in Mississippi who’s not going to get to vote this year. † (Griffin, 81). In this joke by P. D. East about the voting rights for blacks in the South, a black man who wants to vote is given a newspaper in Chinese in order to test his literacy. East tells the joke to shine a light on the problem facing blacks being prohibited from voting in the South. By preventing blacks from voting, whites removed their voice in matters.This way the law stayed on the side of the whites, and blacks never had a chance to make changes. In the painting, a congressman stands in front preaching to the people and filling their heads with empty words. However, shadowing the congress man is a KKK member that looks as if he is in control of what the congressman says. The audience has stopped listening to the words they have heard many times before. They have lost hope in their government that represents only the white people, k nowing that the people who lynch them are the same ones who hold public offices.Many have lost hope in seeing the change that they were promised, still working like slaves 90 years after the Civil War. John Griffin had never known how blacks felt about politicians because he had never faced laws that made it harder to get by everyday as a white man. To him the government was a government by the people for the people, but in fact government was mostly run by white, racists and even members of the KKK. Being black showed Griffin the double standards of this government of, for, and by the people.As a white man he could go to white facilities or black facilities if he chose, and he could enter, do, and say as he pleases. However, as a black man he could only go to black facilities and he had to respect whites. A white man when into a black facility on day and put up a file stating that any black man willing to bring young black female to them will get paid. The fact that white men had t he power to do such things is degrading both to a man as well as to the entire African- race. While whites were promoting pimping and prostitution, the government was simply looking the other way.However, the government imposed a steep fine on hunting alligators. The fact that a poor sawmill worker who lived on the swamp with his wife and six children could not hunt the alligators endangered his family every day: â€Å"I’ll tell you—if we don’t have meat to cook with the beans, why she just goes ahead and cooks the beans anyhow. † (Griffin111). When Griffin traveled through the rural swamp country in Alabama, he met a poor black sawmill worker who offered him a place to stay on the floor of his shack. Griffin is touched by the man’s generosity.The man and his wife are thankful for what they have. If there is no meat to cook, the man notes, his wife doesn’t complain; she just serves beans. Realistically, the man has enough meat around his hom e to feed his family for many years to come. However, because governments know that most blacks would benefit from alligator meat, they impose fines that whites could afford to pay off but not blacks. That night John Griffin thought of his kids and how they were living right now, and how if he and his family were not white they too might be reduced to this squalid standard of living.Griffin had been black for a couple of weeks and was sick to his stomach from his experience he couldn’t handle it anymore. Blacks had to handle much abuse from whites that want to keep controlling them on a daily basis but yet they stood strong to the end. â€Å"Black like me† and â€Å"Poll Tax Country† share many ideas of what racism was really like down south. John Griffins experiment showed how a normal, kind-looking family man could become so cruel to another human due to the color of the skin. He showed how the government squeezed down on anyone that was not white by any means available.Blacks could not turn for help from the government, or the even the men of god. They were made into second class citizens that had little to no rights and every apportioned was give to white society. Courts were run by whites who were prejudice, the government was filled with racists and the rest was manipulated by the very men that felt they were the only one’s fit to roam the lands. Blacks were being degraded to keep their hopes down and to control them. Keeping control by making them second class citizens and in debt there whole life makes them less likely to rebel because they would feel less likely to win.

Argument of Love Essay

But how can we learn about something or someone without any experience? It takes being around someone on a regular basis to know and see how he/she handles different situations. This helps you know if this is someone who compliments you. So, why not give yourself time to experience the questions and answers you would ask if you would have met later in life. When people meet at an older age, they do not know anything about their partner’s character. Both people in the relationship are experienced and ready to settle down, usually before having time to figure out each other. On the other hand, when a couple starts out young you can catch the flaws as they grow. You can get used to the changes, leave them, or work it out. You are able to be together and become friends before lovers. You will know where the person came from, where they seem to be going, and what has already been accomplished. This is better than meeting a random person and trying to learn them quickly, â€Å"because life is too short. † Our parents are often loving, however, they have the meanest way of expressing it. They seem to always try to save you from the heartache and trouble they know you will encounter because â€Å"they have been there done that. They have lived and experienced life so they know more than we could imagine. This only made them stronger because â€Å"you learn from your mistakes right? † So why is it so bad for us to experience and learn from our own mistakes? They expect us teenagers to watch how their relationships went, and do what they did or the opposite. They would even tell you to look at your friend and how she/he started young and has a child. But everyone does not end up with the same outcome. I am not saying the first person you find at sixteen will be your lifetime partner. However, just because you are in love at sixteen does not mean the relationship will not last or the love is not true. Let us say you meet a person in the eighth grade and you have a crush on that person from the start. Whether it is their style, charm, or the fact he/she can answer many questions the teacher asks that attracted you to this person, you may also notice their flaws or disagree with them on many occasions. By being around your crush day by day, some days you may like them a lot, and some days you will not care for him/her at all. This is the beginning of what I feel is true love. When you see a person’s true character but still look past their imperfections just to be with them shows how much you care for that person. The older generation may call this naive or say we do not know any better. Now you are in high school and in a relationship with your crush. You begin to go on dates to the movies, skating, or just sitting on your sofa at home, it is not anything major but it is still spending time. When things start going great, one or maybe both of you start cheating. This is when your feelings are put to the test. You may break up, make up, and/or do it all over again. This process is the beginning to the perfect ending. Adults may call us teenagers stupid, but what we call cheating is talking on the phone, texting, or smiling at the opposite sex. Adults tend to think that sexual encounters with other people are the only type of cheating. When we find ways to work out our insecurities with our partner shows the dedication and potential our relationship has. No matter how people look at other people relationship problems we will all have to deal with the same things. Whether it is learning how to cope with a flirt in high school or trying to save a marriage with a cheater later on in life. Starting off young give you more time to figure your problems out so when it is time to get married you have truly been through it all with your lifetime partner. Once people reach about thirty-five they have had a few relationships that ended up bad, so they become close minded to people’s personalities. However, they still feel the need to settle down. They expect someone to be a certain way and if they are not what they think they should be then etting to know that person is over. Now a year has passed, they have met someone, dated, had sex, and met each other’s family. While overlooking the city sipping wine and smoking cigarettes, you have finally talked about the past, present, and future. â€Å"Oh NOW you are in love? † You were fed dreams in the sunset while washing it down with Alize so it just has to be true. Six years after being married, you are divorced with a five year old and high blood pressure. Your done with men/women but you still want love deep down inside. The one you fell in love with that night as the sun went down turned out to get overly angry when he would mix his Alize with Patron behind your back. Or it could be the other way around; she was a freak in the bed but also with Ned, Fred, and your best friend Simon. In reality, it is better to try and find your true love while you are still young. The first person that breaks your heart may or may not be the person you should spend the rest of your life with. But when you are young it is much easier to start all over again rather than waiting until â€Å"the time is right. Maybe that time would be twenty or thirty years from your first heartbreak. Then it will be like you are forced to settle for the first person that comes back into your life. On top of meeting someone new during middle age, you would have to catch up and learn more and more about a person which you should have experienced together. When you grow with a person you are able to see the whole process. You are there t o encourage him/her to do right. You can help the person grow while they are doing the same for you. If you both stick around through the toughest times then that is real love. If you leave and they do the most to get you back it is love. Being shown that they will not let you go no matter what should be enough to show you how genuine ones love is for you. You do not have the time to experience and find these things out when you are thirty-five because the time is limited. If you are able to figure those things out as an adult then you are truly blessed. Parents should be more open minded towards their children teenage love because one day they could be introducing him/her as their son-in-law or daughter-in-law. Argument of Love Essay But how can we learn about something or someone without any experience? It takes being around someone on a regular basis to know and see how he/she handles different situations. This helps you know if this is someone who compliments you. So, why not give yourself time to experience the questions and answers you would ask if you would have met later in life. When people meet at an older age, they do not know anything about their partner’s character. Both people in the relationship are experienced and ready to settle down, usually before having time to figure out each other. On the other hand, when a couple starts out young you can catch the flaws as they grow. You can get used to the changes, leave them, or work it out. You are able to be together and become friends before lovers. You will know where the person came from, where they seem to be going, and what has already been accomplished. This is better than meeting a random person and trying to learn them quickly, â€Å"because life is too short. † Our parents are often loving, however, they have the meanest way of expressing it. They seem to always try to save you from the heartache and trouble they know you will encounter because â€Å"they have been there done that. They have lived and experienced life so they know more than we could imagine. This only made them stronger because â€Å"you learn from your mistakes right? † So why is it so bad for us to experience and learn from our own mistakes? They expect us teenagers to watch how their relationships went, and do what they did or the opposite. They would even tell you to look at your friend and how she/he started young and has a child. But everyone does not end up with the same outcome. I am not saying the first person you find at sixteen will be your lifetime partner. However, just because you are in love at sixteen does not mean the relationship will not last or the love is not true. Let us say you meet a person in the eighth grade and you have a crush on that person from the start. Whether it is their style, charm, or the fact he/she can answer many questions the teacher asks that attracted you to this person, you may also notice their flaws or disagree with them on many occasions. By being around your crush day by day, some days you may like them a lot, and some days you will not care for him/her at all. This is the beginning of what I feel is true love. When you see a person’s true character but still look past their imperfections just to be with them shows how much you care for that person. The older generation may call this naive or say we do not know any better. Now you are in high school and in a relationship with your crush. You begin to go on dates to the movies, skating, or just sitting on your sofa at home, it is not anything major but it is still spending time. When things start going great, one or maybe both of you start cheating. This is when your feelings are put to the test. You may break up, make up, and/or do it all over again. This process is the beginning to the perfect ending. Adults may call us teenagers stupid, but what we call cheating is talking on the phone, texting, or smiling at the opposite sex. Adults tend to think that sexual encounters with other people are the only type of cheating. When we find ways to work out our insecurities with our partner shows the dedication and potential our relationship has. No matter how people look at other people relationship problems we will all have to deal with the same things. Whether it is learning how to cope with a flirt in high school or trying to save a marriage with a cheater later on in life. Starting off young give you more time to figure your problems out so when it is time to get married you have truly been through it all with your lifetime partner. Once people reach about thirty-five they have had a few relationships that ended up bad, so they become close minded to people’s personalities. However, they still feel the need to settle down. They expect someone to be a certain way and if they are not what they think they should be then etting to know that person is over. Now a year has passed, they have met someone, dated, had sex, and met each other’s family. While overlooking the city sipping wine and smoking cigarettes, you have finally talked about the past, present, and future. â€Å"Oh NOW you are in love? † You were fed dreams in the sunset while washing it down with Alize so it just has to be true. Six years after being married, you are divorced with a five year old and high blood pressure. Your done with men/women but you still want love deep down inside. The one you fell in love with that night as the sun went down turned out to get overly angry when he would mix his Alize with Patron behind your back. Or it could be the other way around; she was a freak in the bed but also with Ned, Fred, and your best friend Simon. In reality, it is better to try and find your true love while you are still young. The first person that breaks your heart may or may not be the person you should spend the rest of your life with. But when you are young it is much easier to start all over again rather than waiting until â€Å"the time is right. Maybe that time would be twenty or thirty years from your first heartbreak. Then it will be like you are forced to settle for the first person that comes back into your life. On top of meeting someone new during middle age, you would have to catch up and learn more and more about a person which you should have experienced together. When you grow with a person you are able to see the whole process. You are there t o encourage him/her to do right. You can help the person grow while they are doing the same for you. If you both stick around through the toughest times then that is real love. If you leave and they do the most to get you back it is love. Being shown that they will not let you go no matter what should be enough to show you how genuine ones love is for you. You do not have the time to experience and find these things out when you are thirty-five because the time is limited. If you are able to figure those things out as an adult then you are truly blessed. Parents should be more open minded towards their children teenage love because one day they could be introducing him/her as their son-in-law or daughter-in-law.

Literature Support Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Literature Support - Research Paper Example On the other hand secondary research approach is used in gathering existing data and information from secondary information materials on the topic under investigation. The primary methods of data collection will employ questionnaires and interviews as the most effective tools of data collection. Through interviews, patients who are prescribed to medical regimens will be asked questions by the investigator with a view of determining the behaviors which determine whether they adhere to their medical regimens or not. Questionnaires on the other hand will be used to give patients sufficient time and privacy of answering various questions that are designed to investigate the behaviors which define their behaviors towards adherence to medical regimens. Inclusion criteria for the primary research will involve selection of a sample from individuals who are under a prescribed medical regimen. Therefore patients with heart conditions, diabetes and chronic diseases will be included in the inves tigations. Moreover the inclusion criteria will be focused at ensuring that there is diversity among respondents. This means that individuals from various social economic backgrounds, nationality, culture and race will be included in the research. ... This is due to the fact that heart conditions are common among adults. Secondary research methodology will target information databases. Credible sources of information among these databases will be included. This means that it is only relevant databases that would be included in the investigation. Databases with medical journals such as Ebsco and PubMed will be targeted in the collection of secondary data on the topic. In order to ensure credibility, research based and peer reviewed articles will be included in the search. Moreover, the secondary search for information will be facilitated by the use of keywords that are related to the research topic. Therefore the keywords that will be included in the secondary search include adherence, non-adherence, behavior, medical regimen and factors. Irrelevant materials will be excluded during the secondary search. The number of studies that will be conducted will involve case studies on conditions that require medical regimens for effective management and care. These include heart conditions, diabetes, cancer and HIV/AIDs. Therefore patients who are under prescribed medical regimen for the management of these four conditions will be included by the investigator as case studies. Summary of Research Studies Griffith, R. (2008). Improving patients' adherence to medical regimens. Practice Nurse, 31(4), 21-26. This article is a comprehensive research based information source which is wide in scope including the causes of patient non-adherence to medical regimens and ways in which adherence can be improved among these patients. The article is therefore credible and relevant to the research topic. The various

Analysis of Robert Hass's Meditation at Lagunitas Essay

Analysis of Robert Hass's Meditation at Lagunitas - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that Robert Hass is known to have spent much of his life residing in the ‘Lagunitas’, a rural town in Northern California, where beautiful forests, lakes, and green grass thrive and most   importantly, it reserves the spot for the wildly growing blackberries which Hass makes reference to in the poem. Hence, the poet can be imagined to be taking a stride along paths surrounded by the scenic wonders in Lagunitas at which he might have found delight in meditating and composing poems altogether. As Hass speaks of the ‘clown-faced woodpecker’ and the ‘black birch’ in the 5th and 6th lines, the curious reader may readily suppose that these details appear specific as they are in association to the place, in the same way, the author may have held a special regard for Lagunitas being a particular setting. Since the poet is claimed to have sought inclinations with an Oriental school of thinking, the meditation carried out through his poem may be thought to derive influence in part from Hass’s religious endeavor with Buddhism and Hinduism. By the first and second lines, the poet necessitates introducing the piece by alluding that there exists loss as language fails with proper expression in â€Å"the new thinking†. A â€Å"clown- / faced woodpecker probing the dead sculpted trunk / of that black birch† is a metaphor for his quest for a more suitable expression and eloquence. The act of â€Å"probing the dead sculpted trunk† provides an imagery for such theme, justifying the fact that the struggle to find an exact identity with words is as painstaking as it gets in the process. At a point, saying â€Å"a word is an elegy to what it signifies† blends of tragedy with occasional beauty especially as the writer testifies to the truth about his friend’s voice in the 13th line where it possesses â€Å"a thin wire of grief†. This tonal conflict ind icates how at times, poetic potentials may be limited by the approach and narrow scope of language the complexity of which is normally understood on a gradual basis. The General vs. The Particular Hass appears to be utilizing irony in the rather Platonic concept which distinguishes the unique worldly elements and the words that represent a uniform ideal. Such application of Platonic thought supports the first two lines as it vividly depicts the proof that general philosophical ideas can be clear but are practically useless while personal experience counts in developing conveyable philosophical thought. Despite this, the narrator sounds appreciative with â€Å"the luminous clarity of a general idea† even though the intricacy in specifics removes its original essence. Close It is seemingly through the lamenting about â€Å"loss† that words along with the human experiences bound to which as well as the ability to recount them, lose their intended significance. The signifi cance of the Blackberry On the second half of ‘Meditation at Lagunitas’, the poet diverts his path of discourse from the notion of the general to the certain ensuing splendor which bears another subject of particular value. Brought by the transition stating that â€Å"everything dissolves: justice, pine, hair, woman, you and I†, the term ‘woman’ which gets mentioned twice in the 16th line constitutes softness in thought as if Hass chooses to mellow from the former mode of heavy meditation.

Moore's Law Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Moore's Law - Annotated Bibliography Example The author here is Crothers Brooke. The article has been written for the general public to explain them how the increasing cost of materials has forced the information technology (IT) industry to adapt alternative plans to manufacture similar products. The article directed its focus mainly on the statement given by the higher authorities of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency which seemed to be biased. The information sited in the article is current. Yes the site link is appropriate and is also considered to be one of the media site around the globe. The writers here are Ron and Drost. The audience of the book can be considered to be the general public. The book cannot be considered as a biased piece of work, as the information on the book is considered to be a current comparison of the law with the modern fundamental physics. The publisher of the book is considered to be a well-known publisher around the globe. 4. Myslewski, Rik. Intel reveals 14nm PC, declares Moores Law alive and well. The A Register. Web. 22 Sep. 2013. . The author of the article is Rik Myslewski. The targeted primary audience of the article are IT industry and the secondary audiences are considered to be the civilians. The article mainly states argument given by Intel defending that the law has not been out dated. The company i.e. Intel has also introduce 14-nanometer PC which proves that the law is yet acceptable. The information provided in the article is current and also provides a comparison of the law with different statement given by various critics. The site link is valid. The author here is Sami Franssila. The book has been written for academia and people relating to the IT sectors. The book is not biased, as it mainly focus on explaining the different aspects that Moore has considered while constructing the law. The book

Contemporary Therapeutic Relationship for a Professional Practitioner Essay

Contemporary Therapeutic Relationship for a Professional Practitioner - Essay Example The five components of effective nurse-client relationships have been identified as â€Å"trust, respect, professional intimacy, empathy and power† (College of Nurses of Ontario, 2009, p. 3). Nurses who work as catalytic agents of change should have good interpersonal skills and a thorough knowledge regarding the dynamics of the therapeutic relationship. While maintaining effective and healthy therapeutic alliances they should also be able to maintain professional boundaries distinguishing their personal or social relationships from that of the therapeutic relationships. Patients or clients in the mental health care are more likely to suffer from feelings of alienation, isolation, and seclusion. Similarly, they come across many crises, troubles, doubts, difficulties, frustrations or concerns in their lives which cannot be tackled without the assistance of a competent therapist or counselor. It is a fact that many of these patients in the mental health care do not receive any s uch positive support or care from their family members or relatives. As such, it is imperative that the nurses offer them ‘unconditional positive regard, accurate empathy, and genuineness’ which are very much essential for the therapeutic relationship and its progress (Egan, 2010, p. 36). It is also important that the negative attitudes and behavior patterns of the clients are addressed at the earliest and that they are assisted to convert these into positive attitudes and behaviors. In a therapeutic relationship, the values, thoughts, and feelings of the nurses interact with those of the clients and therefore it is very much essential that the nurses maintain professional boundaries and stick to the ethical guidelines of professional nursing practice. This paper seeks to explore the significance of maintaining effective and meaningful therapeutic relationships in the mental healthcare setting. Literature Review Critical analysis Many researchers and psychologists have pointed out the importance of therapeutic relationships in mental health care. Researchers such as Elder, Evans, and Nizette (2009, p. 2) regard developing therapeutic relationships as the key to effective mental health nursing and for them, therapeutic alliances are very much necessary for the growth and recovery of patients in the mental health care. The authors also highlight the need to maintain professional boundaries during the therapeutic alliance. Similarly, they also hold that mental health nurses should have a thorough knowledge of not only human and biological sciences; they also are trained to develop effective therapeutic relationships with the patients.

The Regal Marine Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Regal Marine - Case Study Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that the strengths of the firm are that it concentrates on innovation which can attract high-class customers. The concentration on quality service can keep customer loyalty and brand identity. The connection with a large number of a supplier is an advantage which can avail them of products at a cheaper price. This can also increase their profitability. All these factors make the strategy perfect for brand positioning. They can target a middle-class customer by making the cheaper boat and look out for the wide range of customers. They can also opt for materials which are cheaper and take less production and design time. The firm has chosen the differentiation strategy which provides unique service different from their competitors. They want to provide value for what the customer is paying for and the quality expected is the best. The firm is placed in Orlando, Florida which is the United States. The country has the high ma rket for the service provided by the company. The United States is the richest country has the high concentration of wealthy people. Also, the country is a tourist destination which gives many opportunities for the luxury boat service. The firm provides luxury boats to its customers. People always look for quality service and products when it comes to leisure and tourism. So it is a high priority among customer who looks for a luxurious experience.

Bankers Bonuses a Force for Good or Evil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Bankers Bonuses a Force for Good or Evil - Essay Example This essay seeks to dissect the negative side or the disadvantages that will be caused by the stringent government and European Union policies on limiting the Banker’s bonus, which is regarded as a force for good for the bankers and a force for evil for the public and the overall economy. Essentially numerous reasons are attributed to the culture of the banks offering lucrative bonuses to the bankers. Some of these include the motivation to work so hard in a bid to create more wealth hence more profits. This brings the aspect of profits depends on the individuals employees of a certain bank. This dependency on the operations and talents of various individuals is immensely attributed to the volatile nature of the banking industry in terms of profit generation. The banking industry has developed over time and it is at a point where profits can be generated by well organized and selected factors of production (SMITHERS, 2013). On a similar front, the losses can be made through uncontrolled payments such as the bonuses to the bankers. This is most risky aspect in this discussion since it has been attributed to the 2008 crisis where lucrative banks plunged into economic turmoil which ended them to closure. In addition, most banks extend the bonuses to the bankers, since t he banks enjoy unwavering spot for bonuses because, when times are good and the overall nations’ economy is growing, the banks reap well in terms of profits and hence no doubt that, they will enjoy such pilferages. On a similar note, the banks find it hard not to give its employees the bonuses since they are metaphorically surrounded by bonuses since their stock is money. They use it to trade even in the stock exchange. This goes without a say that, the banks have the ability to extend large sums of money to the employees as bonuses because the money is available. However the question arises whether the government policy through the Bank of England on capping of the bonus and crawling them to 10

The advantage and disadvantage of co-education and single sex Essay

The advantage and disadvantage of co-education and single sex education - Essay Example Despite co-education having several advantages, single sex education is the best in some areas and at certain times. Therefore, both co-education and single sex education have limitations as well as depicting strengths. The proponents of co-education attribute it to the development of social skills. Single sex education is faulted for limiting the interactions between the students hence they are unable to fully develop their social skills especially with the opposite sex (Bali, 2012). This means that the students that are under the co-education are able to develop skills that will enable them to understand the opposite gender. In addition, the students are able to break their shyness hence they freely interact with the opposite sex. This boils down to the family, where a child that was exposed to the opposite gender will have a better chance of getting a mate, as well as having the skills to relate with one another. According to Collins (2012), social interactions begin at infant schools where the children are able to establish relations with both sexes. Single sex education system ensures that sex-related distractions are minimized. Boys will give some attention to girls and vice versa especially during the adolescence (Ahmad, 2012). This can be detrimental to learning since time is likely to be lost in the process. This occurs when boys and girls study in the same institution as opposed to single sex education system. Co-education facilitates the diversion of the students’ attention from schoolwork to sexual-related thoughts and attractiveness. Some of the struggles in a co-education system include the perception by the opposite gender, immature romance, and boy-girl crushes among others. In terms of academic performance, students from single sex education system do well as opposed to co-education schools. A research by Australian Council of

Physics Solenoids Essay Example for Free

Physics Solenoids Essay

Dissertation Quality Essay Example for Free

Dissertation Quality Essay After perusing the reports on standards for different types of research, it appears that my particular dissertation should more or less be held to the highest possible standards, given the circumstances under which my research will be undertaken. The standards for quality that have been cited by the varying types of review boards have certain criteria that they share. Review boards vary mainly in the type of use that they make of the research that is submitted to them, and a large part of this variance is concerned with the availability of funds. Certain boards; like the National Science Board (NSB), the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH); award sizable grants for particular research and therefore seem to have a higher degree of selectivity at the proposal level. In such a scenario, the greater part of the proposals submitted fail to be supported by these institutions and are (by default) considered of lower quality. Universities, on the other hand, are under much less of an obligation to fund dissertations and also have a more vested interest in improving the quality of proposals and dissertations submitted to their committees. Differences exist therefore because of the type of examining board to which research will be submitted. However, despite these differences, it has been found that the criteria for excellence that act as a benchmark for quality dissertations do possess similarities to those required by the various other types of research. Still, the methods of evaluation have also been found to emphasize certain criteria while de-emphasizing others. Though quality dissertations like mine usually end up being significantly longer, they are themselves generally structured in a manner similar to peer-reviewed journal articles. These products of research are expected to provide detailed explanation of the author’s thoughts and actions concerning the research from the moment of its conception through its implementation and analysis (NIH, 2001; NSB NSF, 1996; Straub, Ang Evaristo, 1994). Quality research (including dissertations) therefore contains focused information concerning the background to the question or problem being considered. My dissertation should also contain evidence of extensive research in the field of inquiry, usually demonstrated through a comprehensive literature review. The question of the research is also expected to be formulated in such a way as to facilitate direct empirical study, and the methods used should be presented in detail within the body of the research. Evidence of the statistical analysis of data should also be presented in elaborate form within the dissertation and the results subsequently discussed in detail. Finally, the major implications of the research should be reiterated, conclusions drawn, and recommendations given (2001; 1995; 1994). Despite the fact that the dissertation (like other forms of research) should follow this general pattern, certain value judgments concerning the quality of the product at each level must also be made. In general, the dissertations should be held to a standard dictating that the problem addressed within it be of some significance to the research field (NIH, 2001). This has been described as â€Å"an original and significant contribution† to the particular discipline, and demands that the research seek to expand or advance scientific knowledge in some definable way. The onus should be placed upon me (the presenter of the dissertation that seeks to be of true quality) to explicitly communicate how my research measures up to this standard. Through this measure my educational level will also be exposed, and further knowledge concerning my mastery of his area will also be gauged through my discussion of the literature that has been reviewed. This discussion should be measured according to the extent to which it demonstrates a high level of understanding of the material being dealt with, and such understanding is only enhanced by the recognition of gaps in research that the dissertation itself proposes to fill. Quality dissertations are also held to a high standard regarding the methodology chosen for the implementation of the study used to gain contemporary empirical data. The quality of my dissertation should therefore also be gauged according to this standard. As a researcher, I should be expected to adhere strictly to proper scientific methods, and express evidence must be given within the dissertation itself that this has been performed. Beyond this, however, most reports on research quality or eligibility make some reference to â€Å"intrinsic† or â€Å"intellectual merit† (NSB NSF, 1996; Lovitts, 2005). In fact, some review boards have given guidelines that appear Hippocratic in their nature—requiring not only that researchers practice good science and produce dissertations that add unique knowledge to the field, but also that they fulfill a pedagogical responsibility as well as contribute to the improvement of society (Comer, 2005; NSF, 1996). My dissertation must also be held to such a standard. Resources do play a big part in the ability to produce a meritorious dissertation. In fact, one particular report has mentioned a criterion that gauges the usefulness of the environment in the performance of the research associated with a dissertation (NIH, 2001). The availability of resources and technology that aid in research performance (or the availability of the funds necessary to procure these) will have a significant impact on how well my dissertation is written. Furthermore, the quality of my dissertation will also depend on the intellectual resources available to me—competent, qualified and knowledgeable professors and the access to journals and other scientific and peer-reviewed journals (Comer, 2005; Straub, Ang Evaristo, 1994). These variables take a great deal of money to fund, and their availability for use will actually depend on the researcher’s ability to attend a university that provides these resources. Some researchers have revealed a certain amount of skepticism when considering the methods employed for measuring the quality of research. These persons have indicated that the measured quality of research has the ability to change depending on the perspective from which it is scrutinized. Therefore, a dissertation which might appear â€Å"excellent† when viewed from one standpoint might be considered only â€Å"acceptable† when seen from another standpoint (Lovitts, 2005). Much of the merit granted to a dissertation (or resulting journal publication) depends on the reputation of the researcher, and this in turn can be gauged by a number of factors. Reports also suggest that the level of funding granted (or to be granted) has a bearing on the amount of scrutiny that a research product will undergo. However, it must be noted that reputation can be superficial. Substantial research might be overlooked because a rivaling product has been compiled by a researcher with a better-known name. Similarly, research might be given a high-quality label solely because it has been performed with the aid of a large grant. The reasoning behind this is that the grant would not have been awarded had the research idea not been highly original, innovative, and possessing of all the intellectual and pedagogical qualities named above. However, the point that such report-writers make is a valid one: that the quality of a dissertation should be judged not on such peripheral factors as the name of the researcher or grant amount, but on the intrinsic qualities of the actual research produced. My dissertation should be granted the same courtesy: it should be judged on the merit of its intrinsic qualities (as described in earlier paragraphs) rather than on other superficial variables. One particular report on the quality of dissertations has mentioned the label of â€Å"acceptable† being given to an otherwise high-quality dissertation because of the failure of the methods or the achievement of an unfavorable outcome. Specifically, one report has noted that â€Å"In experimental disciplines, otherwise good dissertations are considered acceptable when experiment(s) do not work out, and students get null or negative results† (Lovitts, 2005). It is therefore notably the case, sometimes, that theory and practice do not concur. In such a case, it appears that the quality of the dissertation is faulted (2005), though it is not certain why this should be definitively the case. Should theory and practice not concur in the execution of the experiments covered in my dissertation, consideration should be given to the value even of such a contradictory finding. Such a value would (and should) be emphasized within the dissertation itself. The scientific nature of research—even at the dissertation level—should admit all findings into the annals of research even (and perhaps especially) when practice contradicts theory. (This should, of course, be contingent on the proper performance of my experiment. Furthermore, it should also be considered that the ability to make theoretical ideas practical may be a limiting factor in experimentation. One example of this regards the ethical idea of informed consent, which works well in theory, but in practice sometimes harms the outcome of experiments (Bassett, Basinger, Livermore, 1992; Schrag, 1979). The quality of my dissertations should be measured according to my ability to provide creative and effective methods of dealing with any problems that arise from discrepancies between theory and methods. The considerations named above are applicable to me. Though some potential problems may no longer present a barrier to my completing a quality dissertation (as I have succeeded in procuring many of these resources) it must be noted that the standpoint from which my dissertation is viewed will likely have an effect on the perception of its quality. It is fair to base the quality of my dissertation on the efficacy and incisiveness of the research question and problem it addresses. It is also fair to judge its quality based on my competence, as will be revealed in my interaction with the literature reviewed. Furthermore, the methods I employ to implement the experiment must be sound and discussions insightful and comprehensive. However, research suggests that one should also consider the idea of bias, as a quality dissertation presented by certain researchers who (even within a university setting) may not be regarded as highly as others, might be overlooked or undervalued despite its innate value (2005). My dissertation should be treated with courtesy and valued as much on its intrinsic merit as possible.

Soldiers Home And How to Tell a True War Story Analysis

Soldiers Home And How to Tell a True War Story Analysis War can be defined as a situation in which competing enemies are involved in an active struggle. Different authors have over time written war stories and their effects on individuals. Tim OBrien wrote How to tell a true war story while Ernest Hemmingway wrote Soldiers Home. Both stories illustrate to readers the effects of war on an average person. Both stories are the same in many aspects because both authors had a stint in the army. OBrien served in the Vietnam War and he chooses a narrator in his story who is the same as him. This makes the reader believe in OBriens stories as if they actually happened. Hemmingway, on the other hand, served in the World War I and bases his story on real life experience such as lies, relationships and death. In both stories, we are told that soldiers in a war do whatever that they like. This is supported in Soldiers Home when Krebs does nothing to get a job or make money throughout the day. In How to tell a true War Story OBrien is of the opinion that a soldier yearns for a perfect world while in the battle zone. On his return home, Krebs is truthful and blunt on his answer not caring how others take it. Themes can be referred to as the fundamental ideas that have been explored in a piece of literature. Both stories have the theme of physical and emotional burden in which the characters are both figurative and literal. Both OBrien and Krebs carry loads that are emotionally heavy. The load is composed of terror, grief, longing and love. Each mans burden is related to their emotions. After the end of the war, both men have psychological burden which continue to haunt and define them. They survived the war but continue to carry grief, and confusion. Fear of shame as a motivation is delved in both stories. OBrien experiences in war shows that the motivating factor in war is the fear of feeling ashamed before peers. Krebs also has the fear of relating to the towns people and even his own family. Both stories explain the complexities of relating war experience to story telling/narration. Tim OBrien chooses to have a fictional narrator who is also known by his name Tim OBrien. He shows that the narrator has the power to shape the opinions of his listeners. In both stories, the authors use the stories to allow the listeners tackle the past experiences .They use narratives to pass their message. Loneliness and isolation features prominently in both stories. OBrien explains that there is loneliness and also isolation in Vietnam during the war. He says that loneliness and isolation are destructive the same way as ammunition. Krebs on the other hand is isolated and lonely in his home town since returning from war. He is disillusioned and is unable to fit in his society or even his family. Both titles Soldiers Home and How to Tell a True war story are both ironical. Soldiers home in real sense refers to a place of rest, a place of retirement but in the story, Krebs does not find rest in his home town, in fact he suffers from post traumatic stress and isolation. In How to Tell True War Story, it is ironical that OBrien starts by saying the story is true only to argue later at the end that one should not believe a true war story since it is even impossible for one to tell a war story that it is true. In Soldiers Home, we find that Krebs lies so much to the extent that when he returns home, lying makes him sick. OBrien backs this theme when he says that one Hs to stretch the truth and lie so as to make the public believe ones war story. Krebs tells his stories of war with other war veterans assembled at the pool room. In the same way, OBrien tells others about his war experiences. Readers of Hemmingway story are told that people do not want to hear Krebs stories while on the other hand OBrien also thinks that war stories are meant for people who do not listen. How to Tell a true War Story is not straight forward and does not follow chronological paths from the start to the end like a traditional story. Instead it has a collection of various small stories that have been interspersed with instruction on war stories. The story also has commentary whereby the narrator says that a war story which is true is never moral. The narrator through commentary also argues that distinguishing on what really happened from what seemingly happened in a true war story is difficult. . The protagonists in both How to Tell a True War Story and A Soldiers Home tell the stories of their lives and also about war and its effects on their lives. This can be seen in the modifications of war stories by OBrien and the social isolation of the protagonist in Hemmingways story. In both stories, the protagonists are traumatized by their time in the military service. OBrien accepts that fabrication is essential and relevant to his stories. He agrees on his stress that is post traumatic and admits to telling lies through his literature. Hemmingways depiction on stress occasioned by war differs from that from OBrien because his war veteran, Krebs is recovering from the effects of war on him. Krebs does not like remembering his time in the military. While OBrien likes embellishing and talking about the truth, Krebs was sick of it. Krebs depicts negative effects of war by emotionally alienating himself from the society. He still lives in his parents home and is not married or has any career. Ernest Hemmingways Soldiers Home is not a story about an old soldier in an old peoples home waiting to die, but it is a story of a young man called Harold Krebs who has just returned from war and is unable to figure out what he wants in life. Although he is at home, he does not feel at home. It is like he did not want to come home. Krebs knows that he has changed but everything else in his hometown seems the same. He is expected to pick up and continue with life from where he had left while going to war but he does not know how to do that. He is confused. He feels no one understands what he is undergoing, the turmoil that is within him. The many atrocities he witnessed in the war zone have made him not to believe in God anymore. One feels sorry and sympathy for Krebs. His troubles can be compared to what other war veterans went through when they arrived back home from war. Krebs is timid and uncomfortable in the company of women except his immediate family members. He depicts a picture on how hard it is to be assimilated back in to ones society after military service. Social acceptance as a theme in Ernest Hemmingways Soldiers Home and OBriens How to Tell a True War Story is significant in both stories. Both major characters are isolated socially and are unable to relate well with all those who are around them. It is fair to conclude that neither Krebs nor OBrien is no better off at the end of these stories than when they started. It is understandable that both writers of these stories- Soldiers Home and How to Tell a true war Story were both scarred in the wars. These stories are therefore very personal and the experiences offer us glimpses into the lives of both the authors, their many trials and tribulations that they faced.

PSY 301, Introductory Psychology, 2000, Exam 1 :: UTEXAS Texas Psychology

Introductory Psychology -- Pennebaker Test 1 -- September 25, 2000 Be sure and put your name on both the ScanTron and actual test. Blacken in your name and social security number along with the correct form. 1. Experience is to genes as ________ is to ________. 1. chromosome; DNA 2. heredity; environment 3. Wundt; Pavlov 4. nurture; nature 5. a bad memory; a bad day 2. The specialist who is most likely to prescribe a drug for the treatment of a psychological disorder is a: 1. developmental psychologist. 2. psychopharmaceuticalogist. 3. psychiatrist. 4. personality psychologist. 5. clinical psychologist. 3. According to Emily's grandfather, Adolf Hitler's obvious emotional instability made it clear that Germany would inevitably lose World War II. The grandfather's claim best illustrates: 1. the false consensus effect. 2. illusory correlation. 3. the hindsight bias. 4. an illusion of control. 5. random sampling 4. Which research method did Sigmund Freud use extensively in the process of developing his well-known theory of personality? 1. the survey 2. naturalistic observation 3. the case study 4. experimentation 5. love therapy 5. A researcher would be most likely to discover a negative correlation between: 1. body height and body weight. 2. self-esteem and depression. 3.

Amblyopia Essays -- Medicine Medical Eye Papers

Amblyopia This paper provides a brief description of amblyopia and discusses current research regarding the motion pathway in individuals with amblyopia. Amblyopia is a condition in which visual acuity in one eye is greatly reduced. It is caused by lack of stimulation or disuse during visual development (Rose, 1998). Because the eye is not fully developed at birth (Jarvis, 1992, as cited in Rose, 1998), infants need stimulation to complete the visual neural pathway. When one or both eyes are inhibited, for example due to misalignment of one eye (strabismus) or a large difference in refractive power between two eyes (anisometropia), the neural pathway for the inhibited eye develops abnormally, or does not develop at all. At approximately six years of age eye development is complete (Stager, 1990, as cited in Rose, 1998). Before visual development is complete amblyopia can be treated. If it is caught and treated at an early age, normal vision can be preserved (Rose, 1998). There are several types of amblyopia. Researchers must be aware of the various types of amblyopia because the effects for each are not always consistent. Strabismic amblyopia is caused when the two eyes are out of alignment due to weak musculature. Anisometropic amblyopia is a result of a large difference in refractive power of an individual's eyes. Another form of amblyopia results when visual information does not reach the retina. This is called stimulus deprivation amblyopia. Meridional amblyopia is a result of the diffused images caused by astigmatism. Researchers often discover that there are differences between groups of amblyopes based on type. For example, Levi and his colleagues (1994) discovered differences in vernier acuity between anisomet... ...9-1944. Hess, R. F., & Anderson, S. J. (1993). Motion sensitivity and spatial undersampling in amblyopia. Vision Research, 33, 881-896. Hess, R. F., Demanins, R., & Bex, P. J. (1997). A reduced motion aftereffect in strabismic amblyopia. Vision Research, 37, 1303-1311. Kubova, Z., Miroslav, K., Juran, J., & Blakemore, C. (1996). Is the motion system relatively spared in amblyopia? Evidence from cortical evoked responses. Vision Research, 36, 181-190. Levi, D. M., Klein, S. A., & Wang, H. (1994). Amblyopic and peripheral vernier acuity: a test-pedestal approach. Vision Research, 34, 3265-3292. Levi, D. M., & Polat, U. (1996). Neural plasticity in adults with amblyopia [Abstract]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States, 93, 6830. Rose, S. E. (1998). Amblyopia: the silent thief. The Journal of School Health, 68, 2, 76-79.

Me And Her :: essays research papers

We have been dating for 1 month and 8 days. Able to have her as a girlfriend is the greatest gift of all. Thinking back, I still can't figure out, what gave me the courage to ask her out, maybe it was my determine mind, which constantly reminds me that i want her. On the first day of our relationship, everything seemed normaly, too normal it made me think that we will never go beyond friends. That thought actually scared me a little, because it was like having something you have always wanted, but you can't hold on to it. We didn't get the chance to speak to each other the next day. I guess she found me too boring, or maybe she too, think that there's no way we are goign to go further than typical friends could. At that point, I did have the thought of letting her go, because I felt very unloved. On the same night I got to talk to Katherine, she was the girl i use to like. "Use to"?? Does that mean I dont' like her anymore? I don't know the answer to that question. At least I believe the answer is not important at that stage. Because what she said later on during our convesation, is what i considered to be most important. She said that she like me more than a friend. I was flattered, when i heard those words. I was happy and sad simultaneously. Happy because I have found someone that might love me. Sad because that person isn't my girlfriend. I did ask myself serveral times, why did those words came out of Katherine's mouth and not her's? But that question didn't stay in my head for long, because another question came up, and I believe this coming question is the most important one, and must be answered immediately. "Should I choose Katherine or my current girlfriend?" I was a confusing situation, even though half an hour ago I said that I was prepared to leave my girlfriend, I guess its true, that you won't know, how important someone or something is to you, until you are at the edge of losing them. A couple of days had gone by, I still haven't decided who i want. During this last couple of days, I didn't talk to Katherine, instead I talked to my girlfriend and told her the whole situation.

DBQ apush Essay

To what extent did the American Revolution fundamentally change American society? In your answer be sure to address the political, social, and economic effects of the Revolution in the period from 1775 to 1800.  Notes from Mr. Williams: This essay was given to 2 nd  period APUSH on their first in – class essay. Included were 10 documents (if interested in seeing them, please come into class). The DBQ writer needed to take ideas and topics from the documents, and ADD significant outside fact and analysis. Notice that this writer does a complete job. He/she  deals with the entire question (deals with extent) and answers the question from economic, political and social points of view. Additionally, he/she used a significant amount of documents and included o  utside knowledge. After the American Revolution, Americans, who were free of British control, started to reevaluate politics, the economy and society. After breaking away from what they thought was a corrupt and evil government, Americans changed how the y wanted to  govern their society, even though they ultimately reverted to a more centralized government similar to Britain. The uneducated masses, as viewed by the elite, didn’t experience a lot of change though the ideals from the revolution still guided some to seek  better financial opportunities. Women, slaves, and loyalist experienced a considerable amount of change in society as women experienced more freedoms, some slaves were set free, and loyalist left America. Overall, America didn’t experience a l ot of economic  change, but it did experience, to varying degrees, political and social  change.

Project Report on Education Society Essay

Activities of the Promoting Body including a listing of major educational promotional activities undertaken till now. 2. 4. Mission of the Promoting Body 2. 5. Vision of the Promoting Body CHAPTER III : OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF THE PROPOSED PROGRAMME 3. 1 Objectives 3. 2 General and Commerce Education Scenario in the State 3. 3 Status at Entry Level 3. 4. Status of Commerce Level manpower 3. 5 Industrial Scenario of the State 3. 6 Scope of the College vis-a-vis the Industrial Scenario and Educational Facilities already available in the State and in this Institute. CHAPTER IV :ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES 4. 1 Basic Academic Philosophy of the Institution 4. 2 Types of Programmes 4. 3. Identified Programmes 4. 4. Phase-wise Introduction of Programmes & Intake 4. 5 Target Date for Start of Academic Programmes 4. 6 Central Computing facility 4. 7 Central Library 4. 8 Affiliating Body 4. 11 Scholarships CHAPTER V: SALIENT FEATURES OF ACADEMIC DIVISIONS 5. 1 Classification of Academic Divisions i. e. Departments,Centres, Schools, Central Academic Facilities. 5. 2. (i) Commerce (120 seats) 5. 2. (i) 1 Academic Objectives 5. 2. (i) 2. : Areas of Focus . 2. (i) 3. : Academic Programme 5. 2. 4 : Faculty Requirement & Phase-wise Recruitment 5. 2. 5 : Requirement of Laboratories, Space and Equipment (cost) 5. 2. 6 : Requirement of other Space like Class Rooms,Faculty Rooms, Departmental Office. CHAPTER VI : LINKAGES IN TECHNICAL EDUCATION 6. 1. : Introduction 6. 2. : Linkages with Industry 6. 3. : Linkages with the Community 6. 4. : Linkages with Instituti ons of excellence such as the IIMs and ICAI. 6. 5. : Linkages Abroad CHAPTER VII : GOVERNANCE 7. 1. : Philosophy of Governance 7. 2. : State & Central Governance CHAPTER VIII : ACADEMIC & ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT 8. 1. : Organizational Structure & Chart for day-to-day Operations & Management 8. 2. : Role and Responsibilities of Key Senior Positions 8. 3. : Methods/Style of Administration/Management CHAPTER I : BRIEF DETAILS OF COLLABORATING PARTNERS. A. Gurukul Education Society In the following pages brief details of collaborating parteners 1) ——— and 2) ——- are given B. INTRODUCTION To meet the increasing demand of qualified manpower in the field of emerging areas of commerce and Industry. And to provide the Primary education facilities to common man in village, Gurukul Education society, pune is formed with the approval of All India council for Education, Govt of india. It is affiliated to Pune University and Pune Board. In todays World of 21 century, our country is on the road map of Globalization, hence more and more industries are attracting towards India and specially towards Rural Area. As they are considering there rural area as beneficial investment. Hence Gurukul Education society is planning to open a Primary School and Commerce college in Pune District at Yavat. C. Backround of the Counsultants. Solution Provider pvt. Ltd. are appointed as consultants to regularize & assist for project completion. The Solution Provider are serving various clients for last 25 years. They have very good goodwill in market & commitment complier. CHAPTER II : THE PROMOTING BODY 2. 1 Introduction to its Genesis including its Registration Status Gurukul Education Society, registered in 1998 in pune has established Gurukul Institute of commerce in Pune. Whose members include well-known Industrialists, Businessmen, Professionals and Educationists. The people associated with the Society are engaged in rendering social services in Pune and Mumbai. The members of the society are committed to provide the investment needed for the education with global competitiveness. No compromise is made in ensuring the high quality of education in the Institute. 2. 2. Details of its Promoters including their Background The promoters consist of Industrialists, Businessmen, Professionals Educationists. The list is given on the following pages. In there are a large number of members in the following categories: (i) Founder Members : 44 ii) Members : 39 (iii) Aajiwan Sahyogi : 156 (iv) Donors : 21 2. 3 Activities of the Promoting Body including a listing of major educational promotional activities undertake till now. The promoters of the society have been involved in various activities related to basic and professional education, health care and have established a number of educational institutions consisting of Engineering College, Polytechnic, IT I and are also managing Five Public Schools at various locations in Maharashtra. 2. 4 Mission of the Promoting Body The missions are mentioned below: 1. To arrange, establish, run and manage Nursery, Primary Higher Secondary and Higher Education in Commerce Institutions. Colleges for all types of higher education; preparation for various competitive examinations and civil services and to provide education to the General Public, poor and needy children, SC, ST Community and other sections of the society and to provide education as per the Policy of the Govt. of India. 2. To arrange, establish run, manage, control, lookafter, and super-vise Commerce Educational Institutions, Colleges, Lecture halls, part time Coaching Education Centre n Charitable basis and other establishments or Institution for advancement of education and knowledge in arts, science, social science, knowledge of public hygine, literature and humanities, etc. 3. To establish environment preservation and pollution control centres to restrain the spread of pollution and to conduct such programmes which aim at preservation of environment, improvement and control of pollu tion. 2. 5 Vision of the Promoting Body †¢ To provide for excellence in Commerce Education and Research. To provide computers as: an aid to study, an object of study, a professional tool, an intellectual tool, an instrument of social change. †¢ To develop strong communication skills in the students †¢ To create awareness for social, historical, ethical, cultural and human values. †¢ To create a culture for self and life long learning. †¢ To create an intellectual spirit and capability for critical judgement. †¢ To establish a symbiotic relationship with industries. †¢ To develop entrepreneurship programmes and promote student entrepreneurs. †¢ To develop continuing education programmes. To create an awareness for development with equity and environmental values. †¢ To undertake resource generation and provide consultancy services. CHAPTER III : OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF THE PROPOSED PROGRAMME 3. 1 Objectives 3. 1-i GURUKUL SCHOOL. * To prom ote preliminary education * To open Marathi medium & English medium school * To promote extra circular activities such as, sports, social activities, art etc. * Enhancement of quality of education to students 3. 1-ii GURUKUL COMMERCE COLLEGE. * Access to modern course material of international level. Enhancement of quality of education to students. * Enhancement in avenues for jobs to the student. * Enhancement in value addition to the existing programme. * Initiation of post graduation education. 3. 2 General and Commerce Education Scenario in the State Pune can be rightly called an Educational city. There is One Central Universities, and a number of Deemed Universities. 3. 3 Status at Entry Level Gurukul School Child completed 3 years of age can start Pre preliminary house followed by Preliminary & secondary school life. Gurukul Commerce College 0+2 students in Commerce stream opt for Commerce Courses. The number of seats available in Pune per thousand students compared to other states is very low. This imbalance needs to be corrected. CHAPTER IV: ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES 4. 1 Classification of Academic Division The following major divisions/departments exist in the school & college. * Pre preliminary * Preliminary (Std. 1st to 4th ) * Secondary ( Std. 5th to 10th ) * Higher Secondary ( Std. 11th & 12th ) * Graduation in Commerce ( B. com) * Post Graduation in Commerce (M. com) 4. 2 Entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurship is the greatest service to the society. The fruit of Commerce is harvested by the entrepreneur and served to the society in different baskets and packages. The prosperity of the society is directly linked to the successful entrepreneurs. 4. 3 Liberalization and Globalization: If a society is compelled to single out one determinant of competitiveness, in the era of globalisation based economy, one has no option but to choose commerce education since in the end people are the ultimate assets in global competition. This Institute imparts education for global competitiveness. . 4 Computerization of Learning Process : As already mentioned, Computer is the central medium for the learning process viz, (i) Visualization of concepts and processes through graphics and multimedia in multidimensional continuum, (ii) Analytical details under changing parameters and environment, (iii) Tutorial software for deeper understanding of the subject, (iv) Self paced learning, which normal ly can not be created without computers. The Institute provides seamless opportunities for innovative learning. CHAPTER V: SALIENT FEATURES OF ACADEMIC DIVISIONS 5. 1. :Academic Objectives Through this course of School & college students are well versed in Commerce & being made aware of the endless opportunities opened by the application of academic knowledge & information technology for a total integration of system spanning and global scenario. There is a great demand for such manpower as the industries are moving for a higher level of globalisation. 5. 2. : Areas of Focus Globalisation & finance transferency. 5. 3:Faculty Requirement & Phase-wise Recruitment For the collaborative programme with the University all faculty members will must have Ph. D. degrees. For the collaborative programme with the University the following key faculty members have already been identified to be appointed. (i) Professor Yogesh Mathur Accounts (ii) Professor V. P. Srivastava Financial Management (iii) Professor M. M. Bhutani Corporate Law (iv) Professor Suresh Chandra Computer (v) Dr. C. R. Roy Humanities (vi) Dr. Krishan Kumar Costing Others will be appointed in consultation with key faculty members through proper advertisements. 5. 4: Requirement of Laboratories, Space and Equipment For school we require to have laboratories & no need to have laboratories for commerce college. Space requirement for such laboratory will be substantial. All equipments required are of high quality & will be ordered from reputed suppliers. CHAPTER VI : LINKAGES IN TECHNICAL EDUCATION 6. 1. : Introduction School & commerce college education is based on societal needs of today and tomorrow. Society is seamlessly becoming dependent of Information Technology, All aspects of human endeavour is taking new shapes and directions for a higher level of productivity, efficiency for over all development. 6. 2. : Linkages with Industry The Institute promotes the activities in co-operation with the Industries. Students and Faculty members are sent to visit Industries. With M/s. Laxmi Iyer, a more compact relationship has been undertaken as specified by them. 6. 3. : Linkages with the Community : The requirements of the Community have been well studied and crystallized. Accordingly, educational programs have been designed. Pune is becoming metropolitan city. Hence, the needs of the community here are different from the rural community. The education at the Institution provides deep knowledge & computer skills. 6. 4. : Linkages with other Institutions in the region : There is initiative to linkage with all the Commerce Institutes in India like ICAI, ICSI. This will help students to per sue professional education while taking formal education with Institute. 6. 5. : Linkages Abroad Efforts are made to have linkage with abroad universities/Institutes, as the infrastructures and faculty are no less than any foreign institutes. Therefore, this collaboration will bridge this gap and help students to be globalise in every aspect be it education or job. CHAPTER VII: FINANCIAL ASPECT 7. 1: Organisational structure and chart for day to day operation and management. President/secretary (chairman) HEAD OFADMINISTRATIVEEXAMINATIONLIBRARIAN DEPARTMENTOFFICERBRANCH/INCHARGE FACULTYSUPERINTENDENT ATTENDANCESTAFFDEPARTMENT OF STAFF HOUSE KEEPING DATA ENTRYATTENDANT TELEPHONE OPERATOR OPERATOR STORE INCHARGE CLERKS ELECTRICIAN CANTEEN 7. 2: SCHOLARSHIPS. Institutes believes, it has responsibility towards society in which functioning and also provides help to students of weaker section of society especially SC/ST/NT. * State government provides scholarship to weaker students whose income is below average. Arrange for education loan to needy students from banks. * Issue free books to meritorious students. * Also help meritorious but poor, physically challenge and orphan students. * Grants provides by university grant commission. 7. 3: PHASEWISE FINANCIAL REQUIRMENT. Financial requirement for building, furniture, library, labs and workshops, teaching and non-teaching staff is on the following lines. The cost analysis is based on the current rates. 7. 4: S alary: – teaching and non-teaching staff is as follows. particulars| Amount(in rupees p. m)| Principal| 75,000| Professor| 50,000| Assistant professor | 35,000| Lecturers | 25,000| Lab assistant| 15,000| Maintenance staff| 13,000| Office assistant| 13,000| Librarian| 10,000| TOTAL| 2,30,000| 7. 5: Land, Building & Infrastructure Facility Land| 130,00,000| Building| 100,00,000| Lab & workshop| 40,00,000| Computer Lab| 25,00,000| Furniture| 20,00,000| Library| 15,00,000| TOTAL| 330,00,000| 7. 6: Strategies for Financial Mobilization * Some promoters are businessmen and have their own commercial institutes & construction Institute. * Any shortage, the financial mobilization will be through unsecured loan from non-financial institutes. * Interest free loan from promoters. After completion of eligibility and all documents, Central Government and State Government will provide grants for continuing such project. * Donations will be accepted from public. CHAPTER VIII: GOVERNANCE AND ACADEMIC & ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT: 8. 1: Philosophy of Governance It is said the best governance is that which does not govern. But the underlying Mea ning of this is not chaos by but order. This concept of governance bestows Autonomy in decision making with responsibility and Co-ordination. There is a Total freedom for innovative measures and a total Co-ordination from top to Bottom. The decisions are taken at the top but with inputs from the lower rungs So, the governance ensures total participation across the various hierarchies. Head of the Department. Is helped by the faculty members. The Dean is helped by the HODs and faculty members both Director is helped by the Dean, HOD and Faculty members. The Chairman/General Secretary are helped by the Directors And Dean. 8. 2: Methods/Style of Administration/Management The administration is participative. Every faculty member has certain responsibility Delegated to him. 20 students are attached to one faculty member who is designated Group Counselors for that set of students. Group Counselors meet their respective Groups once in a month to know the problems being faced by students Group Counselor Provide the briefs of the meetings to the Director, Director (E) and Dean on matters Related to education, administration and emotional support that the students need. Thus, the problem identification is done at the grass-root level and administrative remedial steps are taken of the appropriate lands. Similarly, grievances of Faculty and Staff are also resolved in a transparent manner. 8. 3: RULES AND REGULATION OF GOVERMEND IN INDIA REGARDING OPENING OF SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES. FIRST STEP: Schools and college cannot be set up by private entities. They have to be run by a society formed under the Societies Act of 1860, or a trust under Public Trust Act as existent in different states, or by forming a Company under Section 25 of the Companies Act 1956. In other words, a school and college have to be set up strictly as a non-profit business. At least that is the theory. Setting up a school and college is not just about constructing physical infrastructure in the form of building classrooms and setting up libraries and laboratories. It does involve obtaining permissions and licenses from concerned authorities at various stages. It starts with the setting up of a trust or a society, with a Governing board of five or six members, with a president, chairperson, and a secretary duly identified, as specified under the law. This article will focus primarily on identifying the various steps involved in Opening a school, providing facility for the study for students. SECOND STEP: Once the governing entity, whether a company, trust, or society, comes into existence, it will have to Look for land. There are two possibilities—one, if the society or trust has a land of its own, or, second, When the governing entity decides to buy a land for the proposed school. Buying land from the Government requires permission in the form of a no-objection certificate from the Department of Education of the concerned state. The no-objection certificate, called Essentiality Certificate (EC), Certifies the requirement of a school and college in a particular area. The logic behind the practice is to make Sure No two schools and college compete with each other and one becomes redundant. The EC comes with a Rider that construction must commence within three years, failing which the society will have to reapply for the same. One can apply to the concerned municipal corporation for land for the school and college with the EC. Land is supposed to be allotted to the governing entity at subsidized rates is usually allotted through auction. LAW APPLICABLE Originally, education was a state subject under the Constitution. In 1976, by a constitutional Amendment, education came in the concurrent list, the joint responsibility of the central and state governments. â€Å"It is almost impossible for a new entrant to get land. Land is normally granted to established players with a chain of schools and colleges. Even if a member on the board of a governing entity has land that the entity wants to use for setting up a school and colleges, a no-objection from the Department of Education stating the requirement of a school and colleges in that area is required. The major education boards of the country, namely, the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), the Council for the Indian School Certificate examinations (CISCE), UGC and state government boards, have clearly laid down norms for land requirements for schools and colleges. This, in most cases, is 2 acres, except for hilly regions and metropolitan cities, where the requirement is less. Construction can take place only on a part of the land, and a playground has to be created in the rest. While conceiving the idea of a school and college, one has to assess the potentials of a location, kind of competition possible, and the target group—the lower middle class, upper middle class or the rich class—the school and colleges will cater to. From the time of forming a governing entity to a school and colleges actually starting up, one normally requires about a year, though taking more than two years is also not unheard of. Normally the infrastructure required to start up can be constructed within a period of six to seven months. Once the construction is over, school and college authorities need to apply for recognition. Up to Class 5 recognition from municipality is all that is required. For Classes 6 to 8 recognition comes from the Department of Education. Recognition for anything above this also comes from the Education Department, but after a minimum gap of two years. School authorities are free to seek affiliation to CBSE or CISCE or ugc. In that case, the school will have to follow the guidelines of the board it is seeking affiliation to. The school will need to follow the syllabus, books prescribed by the affiliating board, and pay specified salaries to the teachers. If it is not a government school, affiliation for schools normally comes in stages. Initially, for Classes 1 to 6 a temporary affiliation is given and guidelines are laid down for schools by the concerned education board. Once things are in place according to the guidelines, an inspection is conducted. If things are to the satisfaction of the board authorities, permanent affiliation is bestowed on the school. ays inspections are not so rigorous after permanent affiliation is granted, but a school has to be run according to the rules of the board. LICENSES AND DOCUMENTS Setting up a school involves a lot of legal processes from the very beginning. While forming a society, trust, or company, one has to have a Memorandum of Association, a document needed almost at every stage later. Like for any other business, a detailed project report for the school is al so needed. In addition, details of land and building, auditor’s statement, bank statements of the governing entity and their members and auditor’s statements are needed at some point or the other. Once the school and college building is ready for initial use, a certificate of recognition has to come from the state government, issued by the municipality for the junior classes, and by the Department of Education for middle school. If high school is to be added subsequently, certificate of up gradation is required which is again issued by the Education Department. Affiliation from either the CBSE or CISCE or UGC is also done through a set process. Things do not stop here, as schools and college need Certificates for hygiene, water, and completion of the building from the municipality.

The Worst Storm in Canadian History

Ice storms, also referred to as glaze storms, cause considerable damage every year to trees in urban and natural areas. They vary considerably in their severity and frequency. Ice storms are result of the ice formation process, which is influenced by general weather patterns. Ice accumulates when super cooled rain freezes on contact with surfaces, such as tree branches, that are at or below the freezing point (0'C). This generally occurs when a winter warm front passes through an area after the ground-level temperature reaches or falls below freezing. Rain falls through layers of cooler air without freezing, becoming super cooled. Periodically, other climatic events, including stationary, occluded, and cold fronts, also result in ice storms. The purpose of this paper is to gain a better understanding of the1998 ice storm. This paper features three main section: An introduction, the main body (damage to woodland), and finally, a conclusion. In the main body of this paper, the effect of fire and pest/disease is discussed in detail. In the conclusion, comparison is made between fire and pests/disease versus ice storm. By the end of this paper, one should gain a better understanding of the severity of the 1998 ice storm as well as other damaging agents that affect the woodland in eastern North America Ice storms are often winter's worst hazard. More slippery than snow, freezing rain or glaze is tough and tenacious, clinging to every object it touches. A little can be dangerous, a lot can be catastrophic. Ice storm in Northeastern America has been common but the 1998 ice storm was exceptional. Ice storms are a major hazard in all parts of Canada except the North, but are especially common from Ontario to Newfoundland. The severity of ice storms depends largely on the accumulation of ice, the duration of the event, and the location and extent of the area affected. Based on these criteria, Ice Storm'98 was the worst ever to hit Canada in recent memory. From January 5-10, 1998 the total water equivalent of precipitation, comprising mostly freezing rain and ice pellets and a bit of snow, exceeded 85 mm in Ottawa, 73 mm in Kingston, 108 in Cornwall and 100 mm in Montreal (Environmental Canada, Jan 12/1998). Previous major ice storms in the region, notably December 1986 in Ottawa and February 1961 in Montreal, deposited between 30 and 40 mm of ice – about half the thickness from the 1998 storm event! (Environmental Canada, Jan 12/1998). The extent of the area affected by the ice was enormous. Freezing precipitation is often described as â€Å"a line of† or â€Å"spotty occurrences of†. At the peak of the storm, the area of freezing precipitation extended from Muskoka and Kitchener in Ontario through eastern Ontario, western Quebec and the Eastern Townships to the Fundy coasts of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. What made the ice storm so unusual, though, was that it went on for so long. On average, Ottawa and Montreal receive freezing precipitation on 12 to 17 days a year. Each episode generally lasts for only a few hours at a time, for an annual average total between 45 to 65 hours. During Ice Storm'98, it did not rain continuously, however, the number of hours of freezing rain and drizzle was in excess of 80 – again nearly double the normal annual total. One of the most appealing features of Eastern Ontario is the extensive forest cover. This is made up of woodlands of varying structure. These woodlands, as well as natural fencerows, windbreaks, and plantations of pine and poplar, dominate the landscape. Icing impacts may best be understood by treating spatially larger scales, starting with individual trees, proceeding to stands, and finally to forest landscapes. Ice damage to trees can range from mere breakage of a few twigs, to bending stems to the ground, to moderate crown loss, to outright breakage of the trunk. In the 1998 Northeastern ice storm, icing lasted long enough that many trees which were bent over had their crowns glued to the snow surface by the ice in many instances for as long as 3 weeks. Some of those trees actually erect posture after release from the snow, while many others remain bent over after 2 years. The severity of damage is generally believed to be closely related to the severity of winds following the heaviest ice accumulations. Damage varies across a range of severity and subtlety: minor branch breakage; major branch loss; bending over of crowns; root damages; breakage of trunks and in some hardwoods, trunks can be split. Depending on the stand composition, the amount of ice accumulation, and the stand history, damage to stands can range from light and patchy to the total breakage of all mature stems. Complete flattening of stands occurred locally in the Northeaster 1998 storm. In response to more moderate damage, effects on stands could include: shifts in over story composition in favor of the most resistant trees; loss of stand growth until leaf area is restored; and loss of value of the growth due to staining or damage to stem form. The term landscape refers to a ‘group† or a ‘family† of trees. I use the term vaguely because the size and composition of landscapes differ from region to region. The degree of damage is typically highly skewed by area. For example, in the January 1998 Northeaster storm, 1,800,000 ha of damage in Quebec was assessed by the Ministry of Natural Resource: very severe 4.2%, severe 32.0%, moderate 29.9%, and slight/trace 33.9% (The Science of the Total Environment, Volume: 262, Issue: 3, November 15, 2000, pp. 231-242 ). The effects on entire forest landscapes are highly patchy and variable. They also depend significantly on how landowners respond to the damage. Disturbance caused by diseases, by themselves or in conjunction with disturbance by insects, abiotic factors such as drought, fire and wind, and, increasingly, human activities, has played a critical role in the dynamics of many forest ecosystems in North America. In the predominantly coniferous forests in western North America there are considerable areas undisturbed directly by human activities. In these areas, diseases kill trees or predispose them to other agents of disturbance, resulting in gradual change in stand composition and structure. In areas disturbed by forest management practices of harvesting or exclusion of fire, increased disease incidence and severity has increased the damage caused by disease, and consequently, the rate of change. In the absence of introduced diseases in the predominantly deciduous forests of the Appalachian region of eastern North America, forests are relatively healthy. Here, forests are disturbed significantly by disease only after they are disturbed or stressed by other agents, predominantly defoliating insects and drought. In the eastern montane coniferous forest, chronic wind damage is a major predisposing factor to disease. Past harvesting practices, introduced diseases and insects, and fire exclusion have in some instances resulted in large areas of similar species and relatively similar ages that exacerbate the magnitude and severity of disturbance by disease. Fire is predominantly a natural phenomenon that burns the forest vegetation, polluting the ozone and wiping out the biodiversity. One major distinction between ice storm and forest fire is the way disaster are caused. The majority of forest fire could arguably be a result of human action and ice storm as an ‘act of god,† an act that is out of human control. Foresters usually distinguish three types of forest fires: ground fires, which burn the humus layer of the forest floor but do not burn appreciably above the surface; surface fires, which burn forest undergrowth and surface litter; and crown fires, which advance through the tops of trees or shrubs. It is not uncommon for two or three types of fires to occur simultaneously. Forest management has been able to reduce the occurrence of this event but many forest fires are out of arm†s length. Humans cause the majority of forest fires. Campers that do not put out their bond fire or campers littering lit cigarette bud are responsible for such an action. Natural occurrence such as lightning could spark a forest fire but the probability is small compared to human action. The convention way of putting out or reducing the spread of forest fire has been airliners. These airliners are filled with gallons and galloons of water. With limited capacity, these airliners fly above the flame and deposit galloons of water. For the purpose of this paper, deforestation simply means the lost of trees where the lost of trees exceeds the level of sustainable development. One of the major effects of forest fire is the burning of carbon dioxide into our atmosphere. This eventually creates a greenhouse affect and global warming. The effect damages our ecosystem as well as reduces one of Canada†s precious natural resource. Many projects, both from government funding and corporate sponsors, have done a good job increasing the awareness and risk related to deforestation. Pests directly affect the quantity and quality of forest nursery seedlings and can indirectly cause losses by disrupting reforestation plans or reducing survival of out planted stock. The movement of infested stock can disseminate pests to new areas. Since control of nursery pests may be based on pesticide usage, pest outbreaks may lead to environmental contamination. Woodland damage caused by livestock is a well-documented, yet persistent, forest health problem. Soil compaction, root disturbance and trunk/root collar damage caused by livestock reduce the vigor of trees. This paves the way for armillaria root rot, borers and other opportunistic organisms. Livestock also destroy the forest under story (reproduction), which hastens soil erosion and limits the future productivity of the site. The resulting forest decline reduces the quality, value and longevity of current and future trees on the site. Eliminating livestock from woodlands is the first step toward a healthier, more productive forest. As mentioned earlier in this paper, ice storm is a natural phenomenon caused by nature whereas forest fire are a result of human actions and preventable. One of the major differences between fire and ice storm is the rate of damage. Forest fire has a direct impact on the woodlands by changing the diversity of the landscape. Forest fire wipes out an entire landscape of trees causing a release of carbon dioxide. This ‘in lieu† effect results in global warming as well as greenhouse effect. The release of carbon dioxide has a long-term effect to our ecosystem. Carbon dioxide is trapped in our ozone layer making airways less preamble. This trapping effect eventually radiates heat causing global warming. The long-term effect is hazardous and changes our biodiversity. Ice storm has very little affect to our ozone layer. Damage to woodlands as a result of ice storm is concentrated within that area. Ice storm does not spread like fire does so areas that have been hit by an ice storm affect woodlands Pests and disease slowly eroded the quantity as well as quality of woodland. Infected woodland slows the development of growth by eroding the soil limiting the production of trees. Pest control and good forest management could improve the quality and well as productivity in these areas. Pests and diseases cause a slow change in biodiversity. As the woodland become infested, animals feeding from leafs and branch find it less desirable, eventually leaving the area in search of more suitable woodland. Similarly, forest fire, pests and disease spread but at a much slower rate. These agents infect the trees, eventually penetrating the roots and moving on to the next host. As mentioned previous, ice storm does not spread, rather the effect stays within the area. To conclude, fire and pests/disease are similar in the way these agents spread and infect their host. The preceding sentence can be best thought of as a virus infected it†s host as an analogy. Fire spreads at a much faster rate than pests/disease and the impact are instant. Both of these agents have long-term effect, which does not work in our favor. Ice storm affects the area it hits and will not spread. Furthermore, ice storms are predictable whereas fire is not since the cause of fire is human mistake and is hard to predict. Ice storms are not preventable but human actions can be prevented. The potential of damage from fire is far more severe than that of ice storm. We must increase the awareness to ensure that our woodland remains healthy and protect our ecosystem.