Peyotism Essays - Native American Church, Native American Religion

Peyotism ?The white man's world are his lanes with their banks, shops, neon lights and traffic, boulevards loaded with cops, prostitutes, and tragic confronted individuals in a rush to punch a period clock. In any case, this is stunning. The genuine the truth is underneath this. Granddad Peyote causes you discover it.? - Crow Dog Peyote, a stimulating plant that is regularly utilized as a recreational medication, has an a lot more noteworthy significance for individuals from the peyote religion. By analyzing the impacts of peyote alongside its job in the customs and convictions of the Native American Church it becomes evident why it is such a fundamental piece of the religion. The exchange and information on this consecrated plant was at that point very much characterized in areas of Mexico a long time before European success and its formal use was at that point in progress in the clans of the territory wherein it developed. This strict utilize in the end spread through North American districts. Alongside its movement, the essential customs and functions changed en route. The association of religion including peyote and the guideline ceremonies had gotten generally polished among the Comanche and Kiowa clans by the mid-eighteen hundreds. The Native American Church shaped in 1921, starting in Oklahoma. Not long after this underlying arrangement, state and neighborhood joining followed in numerous spots and keep on doing as such right up 'til the present time. (Aberle, 19) Now, some type of peyote religion is regular to most clans of the North American landmass. Peyote (Lophophora williamsii) is a little, low developing, fluffy sort of desert flora. The vast majority of the prickly plant is in reality underground in a long root. Both the fragile living creature and roots can be eaten. When dried the substance takes after earthy colored jacket catches, which is the place the term peyote ?catches? originated from. Peyote isn't discovered just anyplace. It develops in the wild over just a little segment of the Southwestern United States known as the Peyote Garden. Correctly, Corpus Christi, Texas, Deming, New Mexico, Durango, Mexico and Puebla , Mexico tie the territory where this plant can be found and gathered. (Aberle, 5) Containing eight unique alkaloids, the most significant being mescaline, peyote causes various impacts. The experience starts with an euphoric quality. It elevates the sensations to sound, shading, structure and surface. Further into the experience, ?dreams? start to happen. These dreams can incorporate point by point, sensible pictures and sounds. The translation of these dreams as opposed to the dreams themselves are what peyotists consider generally significant. The peyote experience is described by a solid sentiment of individual essentialness of the inside and outer upgrades experienced during the experience. Many wind up asking, ?What does this intend to me The Native American Church went to the Indians during their breaking point. It was around when the remainder of the wild ox had vanished from the fields. They were left starving, powerless and with little of their previous lifestyles staying to stick to. In the expressions of an individual from the NAC, Mary Crow Dog, ?The Native American Church turned into the religion of the least fortunate of poor people, the vanquished, the plundered. Peyote caused them to comprehend what was going on and caused them to persevere. It was the main thing that invigorated them in those, our darkest days.? Clearly an aggressor religion couldn't have made due under white strength. The development of this religion was a reaction to the debased status on Native Americans. It's objective inside harmony and congruity as opposed to rivalry. This thought was exceptionally pertinent to the financial circumstance that these indigenous individuals were being confronted with. For some, this was actually what they expected to forge ahead. Since the start, there has been solid resistance to the Native American Church by a few gatherings. The conventionalist Indians contradicted it accepting that it was a danger to customary innate culture. Innovator Indians just as whites restricted the religion additionally saying that it was heathenistic and in reverse. In the beginning periods, peyote gatherings were unlawful not for the utilization of peyote, but since Native American customs all in all were banned. In any case, in 1934, under John Collier, the Bureau of Indian Affairs ordered an arrangement of non-impedance with peyotism. There have been state laws forbidding the ?deal, use or ownership of peyote?, however all such laws have

Legal Research Memorandum

Question: Examine about theLegal Research Memorandum. Answer: Presentation To: Walter White From: Agent Date: September 25, 2016 Re: Firm Director Issues The significant issue for this situation is whether Walter can embrace crafted by his cousin according to the Class FA Visitor (Subclass 600) allowed to him, on the conditions expressed in 8101, 8201, 8503 and 8531. Enactment The legitimate section and remain of a non-resident in Australia is represented by the standards expressed in the Migration Act, 1958[1]. The Regulations contains the techniques and rules which must be met by the non-residents. The organization of this Act is finished by the Commonwealth Department and the organization of the Regulations is finished by the Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs. The Department has delivered the direction for approach in going with archives to the Act and the Regulations which are known as the PAM3 (Procedure Advice Manual) and the MSIs (Migration Series Instructions)[2]. The visa under subclass 600 is conceded to such candidates, who apply for a Business Visitor steam visa. Such candidates need to satisfy the essential rules expressed in Subdivisions 600.21 and 600.24[3]. For this situation, the Class FA Visitor (Subclass 600) was conceded with certain conditions[4]. These conditions were, 8101, which expresses that the holder of such visa ought not take part in work in Australia. The condition expressed in 8201 contains, that the holder of such visa ought not be occupied with any kind of preparing or studies for in excess of a time of 3 months, in the wake of entering Australia. The conditions expressed in 8503 states that once the holder enters the nation, such holder would not be qualified for an award of any meaningful visa, till the time such holder is in Australia. This condition isn't pertinent for an assurance visa. In conclusion, the 8531 condition forbids a holder of such visa from remaining in Australia, after the finish of the allowed time of remain. The guideline 1.03 of the Migration Act, 1958[5], characterizes function as a movement which ordinarily pulls in compensation in Australia. According to the Section 116 of this Act, the Minister has the ability to drop a visa if the Minister is fulfilled that the holder of visa has neglected to agree to the states of the visa[6], among different arrangements. Segment 245AG of the Migration Act, 1958[7], contains the arrangements with respect to the importance of work and permits to work. According to subsection 1 of this section[8], work implies any kind of work whether it is accomplished for a prize or something else. Further, the subsection 2[9] gives that, an individual permits other individual to work, just on the off chance that one individual utilizes or connects with the other individual, according to an agreement of administration, other than in a residential setting. On account of Amandeep v Minister for Immigration Anor[10], the Court depended on the meaning of work given in Regulation 1.03. The Court likewise depended on the test in regards to the movement which is performed by an individual and whether such action regularly draws in compensation, in the nation (Australia). The Court likewise depended on the setting of help which was given as far as social, business, benevolent inspirations or residential. The Court held that the candidate was for sure working and thus, the application was excused with costs. Application In the current case, the work which Walter needs to attempt for his cousin is business in nature. According to the states of his visa, 8101, he is precluded from taking part in work in Australia. Further, according to the meaning of work given in the Regulation 1.03, just as the understanding of the Court on account of Amandeep v Minister for Immigration Anor, the action proposed to be embraced by Walter is secured under work as such work pulls in compensation in Australia. Additionally, his cousin needs to utilize Walter as a contractual worker, which unmistakably derives the movement as work. In this way, it is prudent to Walter, to not take part in the movement of building a deck and arranging for his cousin, as this would be considered as work and his Visa may get dropped, because of taking part in such action. End In this way, it very well may be inferred that Walter should avoid offering the types of assistance to his cousin, Jesse Pink; in any case his visa might be dropped by the Minister for an inability to conform to the conditions, while award of the Class FA Visitor (Subclass 600) visa. References Cases Amandeep v Minister for Immigration Anor [2011] FMCA 757 (30 September 2011) Enactment Movement Act, 1958 Movement Regulations, 1994 Movement Amendment Regulation, 2013 Other Reasonable Work Ombudsman, Australian Government, Migration Regulations, 1994 2010 https://www.fairwork.gov.au/ArticleDocuments/757/Fair-Work-Ombudsman-v-Centennial-Financial-Services-Ors.pdf.aspx

Is ECT Used for Borderline Personality Disorder

Is ECT Used for Borderline Personality Disorder BPD Treatment Print Electroconvulsive Therapy in Treating BPD A Psychiatric Treatment With a Controversial History By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Updated on November 28, 2019 Martin Dimitrov / Getty Images More in BPD Treatment Diagnosis Living With BPD Related Conditions Electroconvulsive therapy (or ECT) is a psychiatric treatment with a long and controversial history. The treatment involves briefly passing an electrical current through the brain. This procedure is not used to treat borderline personality disorder (BPD), but it is used to treat severe depression that has not responded to adequate medication trials and under other clinical circumstances. Since many people with borderline personality disorder also suffer from depression, some people who receive electroconvulsive therapy have BPD. Using ECT Effective for Borderline Personality Disorder Even though electroconvulsive therapy is used to treat severe depression in people who have borderline personality disorder, there is research that suggests that ECT is not as effective in treating depression for people who also have BPD. One study, published in 2004, looked at the effects of ECT in 139 patients, all of whom had major depression and 20 of whom also had borderline personality disorder. The study found that eight days following treatment, those with borderline personality disorder didnt score as well on a depression symptom measurement scale as those who didnt have a personality disorder or those who had a different type of personality disorder. The patients in that study who had borderline personality disorder were more likely to be women, to be younger, and to have medication-resistant depression, but the study authors noted that these factors didnt account for their poorer response to electroconvulsive therapy. Researchers have agreed that ECT doesnt seem to work as well in patients with borderline personality disorder, although the reasons for this arent clear. The Bottom Line The research literature in this area is small and inconsistent, so it does not mean that people who have both depression and borderline personality disorder should not receive ECT. However, it is something to consider when you are weighing the risks and benefits. While ECT does have a long and controversial history, it is recognized as an effective treatment for severe depression by the American Psychiatric Association (APA). The APA has issued guidelines for the use of ECT that ensure that the procedures are carried out with your safety and well-being in mind. Some people do experience unwanted side effects from electroconvulsive therapy (for example, memory loss), so you should talk about the risks and benefits with your provider if you are considering ECT.

The Video Game Industry Is A Billion Dollar Industry With...

Research Paper Draft Bhavan Vaidya Full Sail University Introduction The video game industry is a billion dollar industry with an ever-growing fan base. Nowadays, video games production companies are investing high amount of money in this business to develop games for fan. They also need people working and they are hiring employees that can help a game to produce a batter example for future. Thus, management and leadership is an important factor to lead a team. Lead a team of creative people in not an easy task. It contains lot of intelligence and leadership qualities. In this conditions, several problems related to team and leadership acquires. This research will elaborate some of the main problem, topic, theories and some of solution towards video games production teams. In my view, most of the time, companies faces the issue of conflict within their team to produce a game. I would like to explain the question of conflict that how it took place within a creative team and how it could be resolve. Conflict is a major impact on a team. It could lead a team to a batter solution or disordered team. Where it could also be commendable with leadership. Conflict is co-related to team and leadership. It can be seen as an issue where some of resolution could be used to make it right and lead a way to a creative idea and immerge into a batter performance in team. Conflict take place into this field often because creative minds always represents some sort of pureShow MoreRelatedCase2200 Words   |  9 Pagesorganization in which develops markets and distributes the so called EA games. The man behind Electronic Arts Inc is Trip Hawkins who hired designers and programmers to develop EA games as early as 1982. During that time, the company developed only home computing games that laid the foundation of today’s EA games which include the Battlefield series and Need for Speed. EA essentially had a smooth run to become a successful video game business compared to other companies such as Activision who struggledRead MoreThe J apanese Music Software Company Crypton1616 Words   |  7 Pagesand professional music producers were able to buy this software and use the pre-packaged synthetic vocals to make songs of their own, which were sung by the virtual character Hatsune Miku. Through the years and massive sales, hundreds of thousands of fans began creating not only songs, but artwork and animation involving this character and sharing it online through Facebook, YouTube, and Crypton created site Piapro. Hatsune Miku is the company’s biggest success by far. This success however broughtRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Night Before A Major Movie 1985 Words   |  8 PagesGroups of people like these compose a fandom. A fandom is a collection of people from across the world that obsess over any kind of cultural phenomenon, leading to various types of fan-made adaptations and consumption of material related to that spectacle. Amongst the top ten most dedicated fandoms in the world is the fan base for the Harry Potter series (Helling et. al, p. 25). Harry Potter was originally a seven-book series written by British author J.K Rowling. Rowling first took readers through theRead MoreAn Overview On The Creative Industry2725 Words   |  11 Pagescreative industry, my aims in this report are to inform and explain the major projects, key players, trends, innovative technologies that are prominent in the industry and review how they are being implemented. The purpose is to convey the progress and growth that the industry is making. Additionall y I aim to focus on the film industry as it is such massive part of the creative industries and is currently verge of huge change and technological advancements. What are creative industries? The creativeRead MoreWhy Women Should Not Be Sexualized And Objectified The Way They Are Video Games3095 Words   |  13 PagesDavid Dale 1 Why women should not be sexualized and objectified the way they are in video games today: Most of us would already know that women’s representation in the media is highly sexualized and that women are regularly portrayed in a sexual manner and are objectified in all forms of media whether it be in magazines, online, television, movies, music videos, and of course video games (Wu, 2014). Many people derive gratification from what they read and hear every day without thinking about theRead MoreEquity Valuation Analysis Report - Tencent Holdings Limited8305 Words   |  34 PagesTsang Team members Name Student ID Winnie Yam 1155025593 Sherry Zhang 1155023131 Fiona Tong 1093644801 Tommy Wu 1155021510 Robert Pun 1155026071 21 November 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Executive summary [3] 2.0 Industry overview [4] 3.0 Company overview [6] 4.0 Financial statement analysis [12] 5.0 Profitability analysis [23] 6.0 Company valuation [27] 7.0 Concerns beyond financials [32] 8.0 RecommendationsRead MoreLady Gaga case study11446 Words   |  46 PagesCHRISTENSEN Lady Gaga (A) â€Å"Let’s get everyone in a room to discuss what to do,† said Troy Carter, manager of up-and-coming pop star Lady Gaga, to his assistant as he walked into his Santa Monica office. It was September 2009, a week after the MTV Video Music Awards (VMAs) ceremony that had seen Gaga win a coveted Best New Artist award and that had featured a spectacular performance of her hit song Paparazzi—ending with the singer-songwriter, covered in fake blood, dangling from the ceiling—butRead MoreNike Football: World Cup 2010 South Africa12246 Words   |  49 Pages511-060 Nike Football: World Cup 2010 South Africa Nike Football revenue had grown from $40 million in 1994 to more than $1 billion in 2008. In just under 15 years, it had reached a sales level that took some of its competitors over 50 years to achieve. Although not the end goal, the 2010 World Cup was another unique moment in time for Nike to create separation between the company and its competitors. Edwards knew he had to seize this opportunity and pull his team together to deliver aRead MoreRed Bull Cool Factor7077 Words   |  29 Pagesthe United states in 1997 and into Middle East by 2000. Growth: In 2011 they sold 4,6 billion cans and what makes it the top energy drink is that a company that started off in 1987 with only 1million dollars had a net worth of four billion dollars in 2008. From 1987 untill 2008 they had grown from 1 million dollars to a net worth of 4 Billion dollars in 2008. Today Red Bull has annual sales of approx. 4 billion cans in more than 160 countries. Red Bulls growth strategy has always been about the wayRead MoreRed Bull Cool Factor7088 Words   |  29 PagesUnited states in 1997 and into Middle East by 2000. Growth: In 2011 they sold 4,6 billion cans and what makes it the top energy drink is that a company that started off in 1987 with only 1million dollars had a net worth of four billion dollars in 2008. From 1987 untill 2008 they had grown from 1 million dollars to a net worth of 4 Billion dollars in 2008. Today Red Bull has annual sales of approx. 4 billion cans in more than 160 countries. Red Bulls growth strategy has always been about the

Progressivism A Wide And Varied Movement Essay - 1332 Words

Progressivism was a wide and varied movement that changed American values and lifestyles having everlasting impact on American history. Progressivism, ranging from 1880 to 1920, was a well-planned and well-organized movement in the United States having wide as well as diversified goals. Leaders of progressivism movement focused on humanity element and tried to make advancements by promoting liberation to stimulate human force along with exploiting human potential to remove restraints imposed by contemporary liberalization. The paper will present an overview of Progressivism as a wide and varied movement. It will also discuss the goals of movement and mention some of the prominent people who took part in it. At the end, the significance of Progressivism to America will also be highlighted. Progressivism expanded in American cities and confronted political mechanism full of monopolies and corrupt leaders. For the resolution of diversified problems existing at the local and state levels, progressivism focused on promoting idea of public ownership of government run by professional city bosses. Leaders of the movement strived to resolve the issues created by the wave of industrialization. At the time of movement the main problems confronted by the American society was the gigantic growth of cities and industries. Hundreds of thousands of African Americans started migrating to the northern cities. This huge wave of migration being main cause of growth coupled with disastrousShow MoreRelatedThe Progressive Era in America1086 Words   |  4 Pagesthat touched every aspect of American life. The progressivism movement centered on elements of humanity and promoted liberation in order to stimulate human force as well as human potential to remove the restraints of liberalization. By the late nineteenth century, after decades of expansion due to the push westward and years of growth due to the Industrial Revolution, the United States had truly become a modern nation. Just like any other movements or revolutions in the history of any country onRead MorePopulist and Progressive Reform in American History1763 Words   |  8 Pagesprogressive movements were a response to the changing climate in American society due to rapid industrialization, an ethnically diverse personality of a young nation, and birth of American imperialism. Disgruntled American farmers that wished to advance their economic position initiated the Populist movement. Progressives pushed to improve urban labor conditions, dismantle trusts and monopolies, conserve of environment, and to install an active government. Populism and Progressivism had many similaritiesRead MoreThe Importance of Considering Philosophical and Psychological Foundations in Developing a Curriculum.9983 Words   |  40 Pagescomprehensive view of the curriculum requires a consideration of the nature and needs of the individual, the aspirations and requirements of society, and the process by which the individual incorporates experience. As the study on curriculum is very wide, the audience chosen should be from all walks of life. As proposed by Golan Steven (1982); Interviews were conducted with a state director of business and office education, superintendent, curriculum director, director of vocational education, principalRead MoreEssays for the American Pageant, 14th Ed.11068 Words   |  45 Pagesthere were three different approaches to governing the United States. By that time, the right to vote had been extended to most men who were free, white, and at least twenty-one years of age. This meant that candidates had to learn how to deal with a wide range of men before they could be important in government. John Marshall, Andrew Jackson, and Henry Clay illustrate the different approaches. As the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, John Marshall did not need to run for office. He had been aRead MoreLesson Plan10685 Words   |  43 Pages†¦ Daily Time Record†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Chapter Six- Appendices†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ My Career Plan†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Resume†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Acknowledgement I acknowledge my mentors who really helped a lot in order to have a wide range of knowledge in terms of teaching. They gave me the vivid understanding of what teaching is. They supported me every time that I need help of somebody. They mold me how to an effective, creative, resourceful, enthusiastic, friendly, lovable,Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesmode of escape from oppression and poverty and, in many instances, as an avenue toward advancement for an unprecedented number of people that soared well into the hundreds of millions by century’s end. But for a clear majority of these migrants, movement was coerced by flight from war and oppression or was enticed by labor recruiters who preyed on the desperately poor. The prospects for the great majority were almost invariably lives of drudge labor in urban sweatshops, on tropical plantations

My Antonia Free Essays

Willa Cather is an American writer. She started her literary career by writing short-stories, but later started to write novels – her main genre. She expresses mood and ideology of middle-class American farmers and that’s why she doesn’t like the image of modern capitalistic America. We will write a custom essay sample on My Antonia or any similar topic only for you Order Now Cather is against capitalism with its exploitation of ordinary people, but she doesn’t express great protest to such a system – her way of writing is more dramatic, than based on some action; she remains only objective observer. Industrial city doesn’t interest her and she is quite conservative. Cather opposes ‘dying’ patriarchal way of life in the village to capitalism and modern reality; she opposes people with creative thinking to businessmen. Her main themes for creative works are taken from life of pioneers-farmers in the West, the first people, who moved from Europe and Eastern states and from life of artists, musicians and other creative and gifted people. I think that strength of Cather’s novels is in depiction of characters; the plot of her novels is quite simple. Heroes of Cather are trying to realize all their abilities and skills. No wonder that novel â€Å"My Antonia† touches with its simplicity and brightness of characters. I will not speak about summary – you can read the novel and you’ll not regret – it is really interesting and exciting drama, but I’ll try to discuss about themes of changes and stasis in this novel. As for me, Cather’s realism is often combined with romanticism. â€Å"My Antonia† is not an exception. Life of Antonia is constant chain of changes: she is like lightning – bright, quick and rapidly changing girl, who has her own opinion for everything she hears or sees. Even when she didn’t know English language yet (let’s remember that her family moved to the United States from Czech Republic) she had her own way of thinking and wasn’t afraid to show it. The girl lives as a nature prompts to her, by instinct. Her own world is a world of vivid and naà ¯ve natures, but not a world of dissolute society. She is a strong girl and when her father dies and she has to spend all the day long in the farm working hard, she changes from a small girl into a grown-up woman, which is strong enough to overcome any difficulties the life presents. Jim Burden, being a boy, has very good heart and is an open-hearted person. Still, he is not so naà ¯ve, like Antonia and her family – those two cultures are a bit different. Antonia’s family doesn’t hesitate to share everything they have (let’s remember episode, when the family is hungry, and Antonia’s mother gives to Jim’s mother the mushrooms, they gathered still in Czech and were keeping for a long time). Jim’s family is more practical. I should say it is more conforming. It lives in accordance with rules, which are last and all the time established in the society they belong. A kind of stasis – without any changes. When Jim is a boy, he can do almost whatever he wants, but when he becomes a grown-up, he has to listen to society he belongs. And he obeys, because he doesn’t have strength enough to move against the current. Antonia creates her life as she wants, even when she falls on evil days and experiences misfortune, almost all she makes is by her own will. She doesn’t want to obey the society and rules, which determine behavior – she changes her life in her own way. Jim, on the contrary, lives as it â€Å"should be† – he chooses a career and enters a college, He doesn’t like the company of young people and dedicates his time to college and university.  Ã‚   Jim conforms expectations of his family, receiving education and finally, marrying successfully. Although he wasn’t lucky in that marriage, for the other people he was quite successful in his life. He became a lawyer and even knowledge of prairies helped him in his work. The stasis is also seen in society of those times. Hard conditions of life, constant work in the farm, all this influenced Antonia greatly. She wanted to go to the school, but instead of that she had to work hard in order to supply her family with food for a long winter period not to die from hunger. When Jim comes to Antonia, asking whether she will go to school, Antonia says that she is already a grown-up and she doesn’t have time for such stupid childish stuff. But her words are only words – being a clever and curios girl she hates working hard – she wants to learn new things. It seems to her that she is dying in that farm or she is dead alive. Antonia wants to change everything. When Antonia started work as a hired girl in Harling’s family, she found the model of life for her in Mrs. Hurling. Actually, they had much in common: both of them were strong and independent natures, both of them knew what do they like and didn’t try to look like somebody else. They never imitated somebody’s actions or had the same opinion as majority. They were different from ordinary people, who lived in society stasis. They laughed at haughty people and helped to unlucky. Both of them had in the heart never-ending quantity of joy and good mood, which made other people to feel the same. In spite all the difficulties in her life, Antonia doesn’t want to change her life by loosing freedom. Freedom and constant ability to change by her will are the main character features of this girl. She loves dancing, and soon she becomes very popular. Members of Hartling family don’t like her hobby and asking her to refuse form dancing, because it can spoil her reputation. Still, Antonia doesn’t want to leave dancing, although she has to stop working for Hartling’s. She refuses to sacrifice her independence. From the very beginning of her life till the end she leaves self-sufficient person. This novel shows us contradictions in society of those times there are rules, according to which society lives, and you should obey the rules. Limitations of social mobility, for example in differences between city girls and so-called â€Å"hired girls† are clearly seen. For example, a girl, who lives in the city has her own â€Å"life-program†, which is stipulated by society and is determined by her family: she has to get education (optionally) and to become a wife and a mother. That’s all. The girls, which come to the city from the villages, have much more opportunities in the life, – they have freedom and choice – they have possibility for changes. They don’t experience the stasis in society. Those girls are able to get rid of those traditional constraints, existing between man and woman in society, but they can loose social privileges. City girls also are able to choose, but they don’t want to loose respectability and social standing. Actually, all this forms theme of change and stasis in the novel of Cather â€Å"My Antonia†. Works Cited: 1. â€Å"My Antonia† by Willa Sibert Cather (1918) [online] http://www.americanliterature.com/MA/MAINDEX.HTML How to cite My Antonia, Essay examples My Antonia Free Essays The book, My Antonia, by Willa Cather is a superlative piece of realism and vivid storytelling. The novel relates, through the eyes of narrator, Jim Burden, the fact-based story of a Bohemian girl, Antonia Shimerda, thrown into rugged farm life. The colorful and sensible traits of the title character, combined with a memorable theme, endear this book to all who open its cover. We will write a custom essay sample on My Antonia or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first of these traits is the virtue of caring. Antonia watched over the children of her employer as if they were her own. She frequently acquainted them with the vibrant stories from her childhood and comforted them in their time of trouble. Additionally demonstrating her loving qualities, she was never ashamed of her illegitimate child and was always an exceptional mother. Finally, Antonia fiercely defended her family against insult, even to the points of vowing never to again notice one of her friends. Clearly, Antonia was the epitome of this virtue. Perseverance is the next attribute which had been perfected by this young Bohemian. She always did the constant manual labor that was necessary to run the farm well. On the other hand, insisting to go to the â€Å"dances† every night, Antonia started neglecting her work. Also, she persisted in seeing boys whom she hardly knew; this habit eventually cost Antonia her job. Antonia is surely an example that persevering is not always a first-class quality of character. Another personality characteristic of Antonia is her naivety. She persisted in traveling to Denver to marry a flighty young man, who, shortly after, left her and their unborn child. Additionally, trying to fit in, Mrs. Shimerda began to always dress like the other girls. Through this sample, it is obvious that this Bohemian, although mature in some ways, was ignorant of the seriousness of life. How to cite My Antonia, Papers

North American Free Trade Agreement Essays - International Relations

North American Free Trade Agreement In December of 1992, President Salinas of the Government of the United Mexican States, President Bush of the Government of the United States of America, and Prime Minister Brian Mulroney of the Government of Canada signed the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA); however, it was not ratified and fully effective until 1 January 1994. NAFTA, which established a free trade area among the aforementioned nations, consistent with the previously instituted General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), eliminates tariffs on goods produced by the signatory nations by 2005, removes most barriers to cross-border investment and to the movement of goods and services, and improves intellectual property protection. The specific objectives contained in NAFTA are as follows: a) eliminate barriers to trade in, and facilitate the cross border movement of goods and services between the territories of the Parties; b) promote conditions of fair competition in the free trade area; c) increase substantially investment opportunities in their territories; d) provide adequate and effective protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights in each Party's territory; e) create effective procedures for the implementation and application of this Agreement, and for its joint administration and the resolution of disputes; and f) establish a framework for further trilateral, regional, and multilateral cooperation to expand and enhance the benefits of this Agreement. Proponents of NAFTA claim that the accord will increase trade throughout the Americas, moderate product prices, and create new jobs in all three countries. Critics claim just as adamantly that the proposed accord will degrade blue-collar employment wages and environmental standards throughout North America. Moreover, they claim that jobs will move to Mexico due in part to the wide disparity in labor market regulations and wages existing between the United States, Canada, and Mexico. In addition to worker displacement, the prospect of environmental problems stemming from Mexico's lax enforcement of environmental standards has led critics to disagree with the institution of the NAFTA. The NAFTA agenda is divided into six areas: market access (tariffs and nontariff barriers, rules of origin, government procurement, automobiles, and other industrial sectors); regulations (safeguards, subsidies, trade remedies, and standards); services (principles of services, financial services, insurance, land transportation, telecommunications, and other services); investment; intellectual property; and dispute settlement. A major issue addressed in NAFTA negotiations is whether capital should move between the neighboring countries, and how and under what conditions such increased trade and investment should take place. NAFTA was initiated to promote a climate of fair marketing, improve investment opportunities, protect industrial and intellectual property rights, as well as establish procedures for the resolution of disputes. However, NAFTA has introduced increased bureaucracy in each country and more regulations and rules for businesses to contend with. The move toward NAFTA by the United States Government can be attributed as a response to the decline in U.S. productivity growth. Since the 1970s, output per worker has slowed in its growth rate dramatically. Due to this decline, the United States had to look for ways to either stimulate growth in the service sector or rely on international trade to further American progress and growth. Prior to NAFTA's enactment, conducting business and investing in Mexico was a difficult process. Investors needed the Mexican Government's approval and were also required to meet specific investment guidelines. These requirements forced investors to export a set level of goods and services, utilize domestic goods and services, and transfer technology to competitors. Under NAFTA, investors and business professionals no longer need government approval to invest and are treated as domestic investors. NAFTA has increased intellectual property rights and allowed companies to obtain patents in Mexico and Canada. In the past, companies were hesitant to export research and development intensive goods because of the need of increased intellectual property protection; however, exports of these goods has shown a definite increase. As a result of better trading conditions, exports and imports of most other goods have increased along with sensitive research and development goods. Another related trade agreement conveying the benefits of international trade is the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT). It was created in 1947, and like NAFTA, GATT promotes international trade through the reduction of tariffs. Today, GATT encompasses over one hundred countries and 90% of the world's trade goods. There have been eight